Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary difference between ionic and metallic bonding?

• A. Ionic bonds involve electron transfer, while metallic bonds involve electron sharing.
• B. Ionic bonds are weak and directional, while metallic bonds are strong and non-directional.
• C. Ionic bonds exist between metals and non-metals, while metallic bonds exist only between metals.
• D. Ionic bonds form discrete molecules, while metallic bonds form extended structures.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ionic bonds involve electron transfer, where one atom completely donates an electron to another, resulting in discrete molecules. On the other hand, metallic bonds are non-directional and strong, formed by a 'sea' of delocalized electrons shared among all metal atoms. This shared electron cloud allows for strong bonding throughout the entire material, making metallic bonds non-directional and strong compared to the directional and weaker nature of ionic bonds. Choice A is incorrect because metallic bonds do not involve electron sharing but rather the sharing of a sea of delocalized electrons. Choice C is incorrect as metallic bonds can also exist between metal atoms, not just between metals and non-metals. Choice D is incorrect because metallic bonds do not form discrete molecules but rather extended structures due to the sharing of electrons among all metal atoms.

2. What is the primary function of red blood cells in the cardiovascular system?

• A. To transport oxygen throughout the body.
• B. To fight infection and disease.
• C. To help regulate blood clotting.
• D. To remove waste products from the body.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, play a crucial role in the cardiovascular system by primarily transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. This essential function is carried out through the interaction of hemoglobin, a protein within red blood cells, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the body's tissues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Red blood cells are not actively involved in fighting infections, regulating blood clotting, or eliminating waste products from the body.

3. Which group of elements is known for their reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements?

• A. Noble gases
• B. Halogens
• C. Alkali metals
• D. Transition metals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table known for their high reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements. They possess seven valence electrons, requiring only one more electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, making them highly reactive. Halogens readily form compounds with other elements by gaining an electron to achieve a full outer shell, resulting in the formation of strong covalent bonds. Noble gases (option A), on the other hand, are known for their inertness and stable electron configurations, making them unlikely to form bonds. Alkali metals (option C) are highly reactive but do not form bonds as strong as halogens. Transition metals (option D) are recognized for their variable oxidation states and ability to create complex ions but are not as reactive as halogens when it comes to bond formation.

4. A rocket blasts off from Earth. What is the main force propelling the rocket upwards?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Air resistance
• C. Thrust from the rocket engine
• D. Normal force from the launchpad

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main force propelling the rocket upwards is the thrust from the rocket engine. Thrust is the force produced by the rocket engine pushing exhaust gases in the opposite direction, following Newton's third law of motion (action and reaction). This thrust overcomes the force of gravity and allows the rocket to lift off and move upwards. Choice A, gravitational force, is incorrect as gravity pulls objects towards the Earth, and in this case, the rocket is moving against gravity. Choice B, air resistance, is incorrect because it opposes the motion of the rocket and is more relevant during descent rather than ascent. Choice D, normal force from the launchpad, is incorrect as this force acts perpendicular to the surface and does not propel the rocket upwards.

5. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?

• A. White blood cell
• B. Red blood cell
• C. Platelet
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. White blood cells (Choice A) are part of the immune system and help fight infections, not involved in carrying oxygen. Platelets (Choice C) are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients and waste products, but it does not directly carry oxygen.

Similar Questions