what is the most important step when preparing to administer a blood transfusion

ATI LPN

ATI Comprehensive Predictor PN

1. What is the most important step when preparing to administer a blood transfusion?

A. Check if the client has a fever
B. Ensure the blood type is compatible with the client
C. Administer the blood via IV push
D. Ensure the blood is warmed to body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure the blood type is compatible with the client. This is the most crucial step in preparing for a blood transfusion to prevent severe transfusion reactions. Checking the client for a fever (Choice A) is important but not the most critical step. Administering blood via IV push (Choice C) is incorrect as blood transfusions are usually administered as a slow drip. Warming the blood to body temperature (Choice D) is not a standard practice and can lead to hemolysis, making it an incorrect choice.

2. A client who is to undergo surgery for a hip fracture is being taught by a nurse about postoperative pain management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. I will ask for pain medication only if the pain becomes unbearable.
B. I will ask the nurse to increase my medication if the pain doesn't subside.
C. I will wait until the pain is severe before taking my medication.
D. I will take my medication at regular intervals to stay ahead of the pain.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because taking pain medication at regular intervals helps maintain consistent pain control after surgery. Option A is incorrect because waiting for the pain to become unbearable can lead to inadequate pain management. Option B is incorrect as it suggests increasing medication without a schedule. Option C is incorrect because waiting for the pain to be severe before taking medication is not proactive pain management.

3. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with COPD?

A. Administer oxygen and provide breathing exercises
B. Suction airway secretions and encourage coughing
C. Administer bronchodilators and monitor oxygen saturation
D. Restrict fluids and encourage mobility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen and provide breathing exercises. These interventions are essential in managing COPD as they help improve lung function and oxygenation. Choice B is incorrect as suctioning airway secretions and encouraging coughing are not typically indicated for COPD patients. Choice C is incorrect as while administering bronchodilators is common in COPD treatment, monitoring oxygen saturation alone is not a comprehensive intervention. Choice D is incorrect as restricting fluids is not a standard intervention for COPD, and encouraging mobility, although beneficial, is not as directly related to managing COPD symptoms as administering oxygen and providing breathing exercises.

4. A nurse is assessing the remote memory of an older adult client who has mild dementia. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client?

A. Can you tell me who visited you today?
B. What high school did you graduate from?
C. Can you list your current medications?
D. What did you have for breakfast yesterday?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'What high school did you graduate from?' Remote memory involves recalling past events, such as educational history, making option B the most appropriate question to assess this aspect of memory in an older adult with mild dementia. Option A pertains to recent memory. Option C focuses on short-term memory. Option D addresses recent memory as well.

5. What are common risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

A. Poor hygiene and dehydration
B. Increased sexual activity and pregnancy
C. Use of urinary catheters and prolonged bed rest
D. Family history and obesity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Poor hygiene and dehydration are common risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTIs). While choices B, C, and D may play a role in certain cases, poor hygiene and dehydration are more universally recognized as key factors contributing to UTIs. Increased sexual activity and pregnancy (choice B) can also increase the risk of UTIs, but they are not as universal as poor hygiene and dehydration. Choices C and D, the use of urinary catheters and prolonged bed rest, and family history and obesity, respectively, are risk factors for UTIs but are not as commonly associated as poor hygiene and dehydration.