Nursing Elites

1. What is the coefficient of oxygen in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane (CH₄)?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane, CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O, the coefficient of oxygen (O₂) is 2. This indicates that two molecules of oxygen are required to react with one molecule of methane to produce carbon dioxide and water, ensuring the equation is balanced. Choice A is incorrect because the coefficient of oxygen is not 1 but 2. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct coefficient of oxygen in the balanced equation. Understanding the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation is crucial for accurately representing the stoichiometry of the reaction.

2. What is the electrical charge of the nucleus?

• A. A nucleus always has a positive charge.
• B. A stable nucleus has a positive charge, but a radioactive nucleus may have no charge and instead be neutral.
• C. A nucleus always has no charge and is instead neutral.
• D. A stable nucleus has no charge and is instead neutral, but a radioactive nucleus may have a charge.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A nucleus always has a positive charge. This is because the nucleus is composed of positively charged protons, along with neutral neutrons. The positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the surrounding electrons in an atom, resulting in an overall neutral charge for the atom as a whole. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the positive charge of the nucleus due to the presence of protons. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the fundamental composition and charge distribution within an atom's nucleus. A stable nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, leading to an overall positive charge, and not a neutral charge as suggested in the incorrect choices.

3. What is the involuntary process of emptying the bladder called?

• A. Filtration
• B. Micturition
• C. Reabsorption
• D. Excretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Micturition, also known as urination or voiding, is the involuntary process of emptying the bladder. During micturition, the bladder muscle contracts, and the sphincter muscles relax, allowing urine to be expelled from the body. Filtration is the process of separating solids from liquids in the body, not related to emptying the bladder. Reabsorption involves absorbing substances back into the bloodstream, not related to emptying the bladder. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products from the body, not specifically the process of emptying the bladder.

4. Which of the following systems does not include a transportation network throughout the body?

• A. Cardiovascular system
• B. Endocrine system
• C. Immune system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The endocrine system does not include a transportation network throughout the body. While the cardiovascular system transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients, the immune system has lymphatic vessels for immune cell transportation, and the nervous system transmits signals via neurons. In contrast, the endocrine system coordinates bodily functions by releasing hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then act on target organs or tissues. This delivery mechanism is different from the continuous transportation networks found in the other systems listed, making the endocrine system the correct choice for this question.

5. Why is maintaining good muscle strength and flexibility as we age important?

• A. To prevent headaches
• B. To prevent falls
• C. To reduce anxiety
• D. To avoid the common cold

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Maintaining good muscle strength and flexibility as we age is crucial to prevent falls. Strong muscles and good flexibility help improve balance and stability, reducing the risk of falls, which can lead to serious injuries, especially in older adults. Falls are a significant concern for the elderly population, and preventing them through muscle strength and flexibility can enhance overall quality of life. Headaches are not directly related to muscle strength and flexibility; they can have various causes such as stress, dehydration, or underlying health conditions. Anxiety is a mental health condition and not directly prevented by muscle strength and flexibility. Similarly, the common cold is a viral infection and is not influenced by muscle strength and flexibility.

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