Nursing Elites

1. What is one feature that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

• A. A plasma membrane
• B. A nucleus enclosed by a membrane
• C. Organelles
• D. A nucleoid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A plasma membrane. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share the characteristic of having a plasma membrane that surrounds the cell. While eukaryotes also possess a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and various organelles, prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The plasma membrane, however, is a universal feature found in all cells, regardless of their classification as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Choice B is incorrect because only eukaryotes have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. Choice C is incorrect because prokaryotes have limited organelles compared to eukaryotes. Choice D is incorrect as a nucleoid is a region in prokaryotic cells where the genetic material is located, not a common feature shared with eukaryotes.

2. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is:

• A. Must be equal to the number of protons.
• B. Must be less than the number of protons.
• C. Must be greater than the number of neutrons.
• D. Can vary depending on the atom's temperature.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a neutral atom, the number of electrons must be equal to the number of protons to maintain electrical neutrality. Electrons carry a negative charge while protons carry a positive charge. By having an equal number of electrons and protons, the positive and negative charges balance each other out, resulting in an electrically neutral atom. Choice B is incorrect because in a neutral atom, the number of electrons and protons must be equal. Choice C is incorrect as it compares electrons to neutrons, which are not directly related in determining an atom's charge. Choice D is incorrect as the number of electrons in a neutral atom is not dependent on the atom's temperature but rather on the atom's balance of positive and negative charges.

3. What function do ribosomes serve within the cell?

• A. Ribosomes are responsible for cell movement.
• B. Ribosomes aid in protein synthesis.
• C. Ribosomes help protect the cell from its environment.
• D. Ribosomes have enzymes that help with digestion.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ribosomes serve a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating mRNA into proteins. They are not involved in cell movement, protecting the cell from the environment, or aiding in digestion. Choice A is incorrect because ribosomes are not responsible for cell movement. Choice C is incorrect because ribosomes do not primarily protect the cell from its environment. Choice D is incorrect because ribosomes do not have enzymes that aid in digestion.

4. Which structure in the lungs is the site of gas exchange?

• A. Trachea
• B. Alveoli
• C. Bronchioles
• D. Diaphragm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the blood is released into the alveoli to be exhaled. The trachea (Choice A) is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs, but it is not involved in gas exchange. Bronchioles (Choice C) are small air passages within the lungs that branch off from the bronchi, leading air to the alveoli but not directly involved in gas exchange. The diaphragm (Choice D) is a muscle below the lungs that helps in breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity, but it is not the site of gas exchange.

5. What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood in our body?

• A. From the lungs to the left ventricle
• B. From the body to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, and finally to the lungs
• C. From the left atrium to the body
• D. From the aorta to the right atrium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct pathway of deoxygenated blood in our body involves blood returning from the body, entering the right atrium, then passing to the right ventricle, and eventually reaching the lungs for oxygenation. This sequence ensures that deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs, where it receives oxygen and releases carbon dioxide before circulating back to the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the actual path of deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system.

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