Nursing Elites

1. What is one feature that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

• A. A plasma membrane
• B. A nucleus enclosed by a membrane
• C. Organelles
• D. A nucleoid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A plasma membrane. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share the characteristic of having a plasma membrane that surrounds the cell. While eukaryotes also possess a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and various organelles, prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The plasma membrane, however, is a universal feature found in all cells, regardless of their classification as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Choice B is incorrect because only eukaryotes have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. Choice C is incorrect because prokaryotes have limited organelles compared to eukaryotes. Choice D is incorrect as a nucleoid is a region in prokaryotic cells where the genetic material is located, not a common feature shared with eukaryotes.

2. Which organ produces insulin?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Liver
• C. Stomach
• D. Kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. The pancreas, located behind the stomach, is the organ responsible for producing insulin. Within the pancreas, specialized cells known as beta cells synthesize and secrete insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. The liver, although vital for metabolism, does not produce insulin. Similarly, the stomach and kidneys do not play a role in insulin production. Hence, the correct answer is the pancreas.

3. What is the main function of the small intestine?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is a crucial part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream. This absorption primarily occurs through the villi lining the small intestine, which increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream to support various bodily functions such as energy production, growth, and repair. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately depict the primary function of the small intestine, which is nutrient absorption.

4. What is the sensory threshold?

• A. The smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel a sensation
• B. The amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel pain
• C. The amount of stimulus required to cause an individual to move away from the stimulus
• D. The place from which the stimulus is coming

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The sensory threshold refers to the smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to perceive or feel a sensation. It is the minimum level of stimulus intensity that is detectable by an individual. Choice B is incorrect because the sensory threshold is not specifically related to feeling pain but rather to perceiving any sensation. Choice C is incorrect as the sensory threshold is about perception and not necessarily physical reaction. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the source of the stimulus, not the threshold for perception.

5. Muscles that work together to produce a specific movement are called

• A. Antagonistic muscles
• B. Agonistic muscles
• C. Synergistic muscles
• D. Flexors and extensors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Synergistic muscles are groups of muscles that work together in a coordinated manner to produce a specific movement. They synchronize their actions to achieve a common goal efficiently. In contrast, antagonistic muscles work in opposing directions, and agonistic muscles, also known as prime movers, are responsible for initiating a movement. Flexors and extensors represent muscles that perform contrasting actions around a joint, such as bending and straightening. Therefore, the correct answer is C - 'Synergistic muscles,' as they collaborate to facilitate a specific movement, unlike the other choices which describe different muscle functions within the body.

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