Nursing Elites

1. What enzyme plays a key role in breaking down carbohydrates in the small intestine?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Lipase
• C. Amylase
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the small intestine. It specifically targets starches and sugars, breaking them down into smaller molecules like maltose and glucose that can be absorbed by the body. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach, not the small intestine. Lipase is responsible for breaking down fats, not carbohydrates. Trypsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine, not carbohydrates.

2. What is the term for a hydrocarbon chain with no double or triple bonds between carbon atoms?

• A. Saturated
• B. Unsaturated
• C. Aromatic
• D. Alkene

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated hydrocarbon chain contains only single bonds between carbon atoms, making it 'saturated' with hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Saturated.' Choice B, 'Unsaturated,' is incorrect because it refers to hydrocarbon chains with double or triple bonds. Choice C, 'Aromatic,' is not the correct term for a hydrocarbon chain without double or triple bonds; it describes a specific type of cyclic and conjugated hydrocarbon structure. Choice D, 'Alkene,' is also incorrect as it specifically indicates a hydrocarbon chain with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

3. What is the primary factor that determines whether a solute will dissolve in a solvent?

• A. Temperature
• B. Pressure
• C. Molecular structure
• D. Particle size

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary factor that determines whether a solute will dissolve in a solvent is the molecular structure. The compatibility of the solute's molecules with the solvent's molecules is crucial for dissolution to occur. While temperature, pressure, and particle size can influence the rate of dissolution, they are not the primary factors determining solubility. Molecular structure plays a key role in determining if a solute will form favorable interactions with the solvent, which is essential for dissolution to take place effectively. Temperature can affect solubility by changing the kinetic energy of molecules, pressure typically has a minor effect on solubility except for gases, and particle size influences the rate of dissolution by increasing surface area, but none of these factors are as fundamentally important as molecular structure in determining solubility.

4. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, what happens to the total amount of energy in a closed system?

• A. Increases over time.
• B. Decreases over time.
• C. Remains constant.
• D. Depends on the temperature of the system.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. This principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed within the system but can only be transformed from one form to another. Therefore, the total energy within the system is conserved and does not change over time. Choice A is incorrect because the total energy in a closed system does not increase over time, as it remains constant. Choice B is incorrect as the total energy does not decrease over time within a closed system. Choice D is incorrect as the conservation of energy is not dependent on the temperature of the system, but rather on the transformation and conservation of energy within the system. Understanding this concept is fundamental for understanding the behavior of energy in various physical systems and processes.

5. What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

• A. To regulate blood pressure
• B. To contract and expand the lungs
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To absorb oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To contract and expand the lungs. The diaphragm plays a crucial role in the respiratory system by contracting and expanding the lungs. When it contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to be drawn into the lungs. Conversely, when it relaxes, it moves back up, decreasing the thoracic cavity volume and pushing air out of the lungs. This process is essential for breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The diaphragm is not involved in regulating blood pressure, producing red blood cells, or absorbing oxygen. Its primary function is to aid in respiration by facilitating breathing through its contraction and relaxation movements.

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