ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 with NGN
1. What are the early signs of sepsis in a patient?
- A. Increased heart rate and fever
- B. Low blood pressure and confusion
- C. Elevated blood sugar and sweating
- D. Increased urine output and abdominal pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased heart rate and fever. These are early signs of sepsis and indicate a systemic infection. It is crucial to identify these signs promptly to initiate appropriate treatment. Choice B is incorrect because low blood pressure and confusion are more indicative of severe sepsis or septic shock rather than early signs. Choice C is incorrect as elevated blood sugar and sweating are not typical early signs of sepsis. Choice D is also incorrect as increased urine output and abdominal pain are not early signs of sepsis.
2. A nurse in a long-term care facility is assisting with an in-service for newly hired assistive personnel about legal issues within the facility. Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of assault?
- A. Threatening to withhold food from a client
- B. Informing a client about an upcoming procedure
- C. Informing a client about risks of refusing treatment
- D. Informing a client that they will be given an injection against their will
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because assault involves threatening a client with harm or unwanted procedures. In this scenario, informing a client that they will be given an injection against their will constitutes assault. Choices A, B, and C do not involve the element of threatening harm or unwanted procedures, making them incorrect. Choice A is more related to neglect, choice B is related to informing the client about a procedure, and choice C is related to informed consent and refusal of treatment, not assault.
3. A nurse is teaching a client who is to undergo total knee arthroplasty about postoperative care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Apply heat to the affected knee
- B. Avoid placing pillows under the knee
- C. Avoid moving the knee for 2-3 days
- D. Apply ice to the affected knee for 24-48 hours
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to apply ice to the affected knee for 24-48 hours. Applying ice helps to reduce inflammation and pain after knee surgery, promoting healing. Choice A is incorrect because heat is not recommended postoperatively, as it can increase swelling. Choice B is incorrect because pillows should be placed under the knee to keep it elevated. Choice C is incorrect because early mobilization is essential for preventing complications such as blood clots.
4. The nurse is performing triage on a group of clients in the emergency department. Which of the following clients should the nurse see first?
- A. A 12-year-old oozing blood from a laceration on the left thumb due to a cut from a rusty metal can
- B. A 19-year-old with a fever of 103.8°F who is able to identify her sister but not the place and time
- C. A 49-year-old with a compound fracture of the right leg who is complaining of severe pain
- D. A 65-year-old with a flushed face, dry mucous membranes, and a blood sugar of 470 mg/dL
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A 19-year-old with a fever of 103.8°F who is confused and unable to orient to place and time likely has a severe infection or a serious medical condition affecting the central nervous system. This client needs immediate attention as altered mental status combined with a high fever can indicate a life-threatening situation. Choices A, C, and D present important conditions that require medical care, but they are not as urgent as the 19-year-old with a high fever and confusion. The 12-year-old with a laceration may require treatment for bleeding and a tetanus shot, the 49-year-old with a compound fracture needs urgent orthopedic intervention, and the 65-year-old with a high blood sugar is concerning for hyperglycemia but can wait momentarily compared to the client with a fever and altered mental status.
5. A client is being taught about taking warfarin to treat atrial fibrillation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. If I forget to take a dose, I can take it later on the same day.
- C. I will skip my dose if I forget to take it.
- D. I can take an additional dose if I miss one.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because taking warfarin later on the same day if a dose is missed helps maintain therapeutic levels. Choice A is incorrect because warfarin should be taken with food to enhance absorption. Choice C is incorrect as skipping a dose can lead to fluctuations in warfarin levels. Choice D is incorrect as taking an additional dose can increase the risk of bleeding.
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