Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following water-soluble vitamins is NOT synthesized in the large intestine?

• A. B6
• B. Biotin
• C. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: B6. Vitamin B6 is not synthesized in the large intestine, while biotin, pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), and Vitamin K can be synthesized by gut microflora. Biotin, B5, and K are examples of water-soluble vitamins that can be produced in the large intestine, but B6 needs to be obtained through dietary sources. Therefore, B6 is the correct answer as it is not synthesized within the large intestine, unlike the other options.

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of an intermolecular force?

• A. Hydrogen bonding
• B. Dipole-dipole interactions
• C. Ionic bonding
• D. London dispersion forces

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ionic bonding is not considered an intermolecular force but an intramolecular force. Intermolecular forces occur between different molecules, while intramolecular forces act within a molecule. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces are intermolecular forces. Hydrogen bonding involves a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, and London dispersion forces are temporary attractions between nonpolar molecules.

3. What is the general formula for an alkene?

• A. CnH2n+2
• B. CnH2n
• C. CnH2n-2
• D. CnH2n+1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The general formula for an alkene is \(C_nH_{2n}\), indicating the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms.

4. What is an isotope? For any given element, it is an atom with which of the following?

• A. a different atomic number
• B. a different number of protons
• C. a different number of electrons
• D. a different mass number

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An isotope of an element is an atom with a different number of neutrons, resulting in a different mass number. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons (which determines the element's identity) but differ in the number of neutrons, leading to variations in mass numbers. Choice A is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number. Choice B is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons. Choice C is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have the same number of electrons.

5. Which of the following compounds often contains a carboxyl group?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Glycolipids
• C. Amino Acids
• D. DNA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amino Acids. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain both an amine group and a carboxyl group. The carboxyl group (-COOH) is crucial for the structure and function of proteins as it participates in peptide bond formation. Carbohydrates and DNA do not typically contain carboxyl groups as a functional group. Glycolipids consist of a carbohydrate chain linked to a lipid, but they do not inherently contain a carboxyl group.

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