Nursing Elites

1. On what basis does the U.S. healthcare system operate?

• A. Healthcare is a basic right provided to all equally.
• B. Ability to pay determines access to care.
• C. Only the rich are entitled to healthcare.
• D. Health insurance is required to obtain care.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the U.S., the healthcare system operates on a model where access to healthcare services is largely determined by an individual's ability to pay for care. This means that those with more financial resources have greater access to a wider range of healthcare services, while those with limited financial means may face barriers to accessing necessary care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because healthcare in the U.S. is not universally provided as a basic right to all equally, it is not exclusively for the rich, and while health insurance is common, it is not the sole determinant of access to care.

2. What factor has had the greatest impact on the current nursing shortage?

• A. Later age at which women have children
• B. Decrease in the number of women being born
• C. Overall unemployment rate
• D. Increased employment options for women

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The increased employment options for women have had a significant impact on the current nursing shortage. With more career choices available to women, there is a decrease in the number of individuals pursuing nursing as a profession, contributing to the shortage. This is because women are choosing diverse career paths due to increased opportunities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A later age at which women have children and the decrease in the number of women being born are not directly related to the nursing shortage. The overall unemployment rate, while influencing job availability, is not the primary factor driving the shortage of nurses.

3. How can a healthcare provider best address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient?

• A. Explain the patient's spiritual beliefs to the healthcare provider.
• B. Ask the patient to share their spiritual beliefs.
• C. Ask what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs.
• D. Consult with a spiritual leader to understand the patient's spiritual needs.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most effective way for a healthcare provider to address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient is by asking what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs. This approach respects the patient's autonomy, acknowledges their individual beliefs, and allows for personalized and patient-centered care. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the healthcare provider's understanding rather than the patient's needs. Choice B could be invasive and may not be necessary to provide adequate spiritual care. Choice D involves consulting a spiritual leader, which may not always align with the patient's personal beliefs and preferences.

4. The healthcare provider is caring for an adolescent who will be hospitalized for several weeks while in traction. The patient frequently has a room full of friends, and they can be heard laughing. The healthcare provider recognizes this patient is meeting which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• A. Self-esteem
• B. Love and belonging
• C. Safety
• D. Self-actualization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Love and belonging needs, as per Maslow's hierarchy, refer to the sense of belonging, being accepted, and forming meaningful relationships. In this scenario, the patient having friends around and engaging in social interactions indicates fulfillment of the love and belonging need. Choice A, self-esteem, focuses on self-respect and confidence, which are not directly related to the patient's interaction with friends. Choice C, safety, involves physical and psychological safety, which may be important but not the primary need being met in this situation. Choice D, self-actualization, relates to realizing personal potential, creativity, and achieving goals, which are at a higher level in the hierarchy compared to the need for love and belonging.

5. A healthcare professional walks into the nurse's station and sees several staff members looking at the electronic medical record for a celebrity client on another unit. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take first?

• A. remind the staff members that this is a breach of confidentiality
• B. discuss the issue with the unit manager
• C. request that an administrative restriction be placed on the client's medical access
• D. prepare a report for the facility ethics committee

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the healthcare professional to take first is to remind the staff members that accessing the electronic medical record of a celebrity client from another unit is a breach of confidentiality. This immediate action addresses the ethical and legal issue at hand, emphasizing the importance of patient confidentiality and privacy. Discussing the issue with the unit manager, requesting administrative restrictions, or preparing a report for the facility ethics committee can be considered after addressing the initial breach and reminding staff members of their obligations.

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