Nursing Elites

1. In an underdeveloped country, the nurse observes the natives lighting ritual fires and pounding on primitive drums around the sick person to promote recovery. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating the natives believe illness results from which items?

• A. Pathogens and genetics
• B. Evil spirits
• C. Tides and planets
• D. Plants and animals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The behavior of lighting fires and pounding on drums to promote recovery suggests a belief in evil spirits causing illness. In many cultures, rituals like these are performed to ward off evil spirits or negative energies that are thought to be the cause of sickness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the described behavior aligns more with spiritual or supernatural beliefs rather than scientific explanations related to pathogens, genetics, tides, planets, plants, or animals.

2. What term is used to identify a situation where a specific target and method of attack are identified by a reliable source, such as a bomb in the possession of a known terrorist group targeting a government building in a local community?

• A. Credible threat
• B. Biological event
• C. National disaster
• D. All-hazards approach

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A credible threat is the correct term used to identify a situation where a reliable source specifies both the target and method of attack, such as a bomb possessed by a known terrorist group targeting a government building in a local community. This term signifies a serious and imminent danger substantiated by credible information. Choice B, 'Biological event,' is incorrect as it refers to a different type of threat involving pathogens or biological agents. Choice C, 'National disaster,' is also incorrect as it pertains to large-scale events causing significant harm to a country or region, not a specific targeted attack. Choice D, 'All-hazards approach,' is not the term used to describe a specific identified threat; instead, it refers to a comprehensive strategy that addresses all types of hazards and risks in emergency management.

3. Which statement about the U.S. healthcare system made by the nurse is untrue and inaccurate?

• A. There is no central agency governing the healthcare system.
• B. Access to healthcare is available to all persons regardless of ability to pay.
• C. Legal risk must be considered when providing healthcare.
• D. High-tech equipment is available but payment for its use is troublesome to the system.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Access to healthcare is not universally available to all persons in the U.S.; it is often influenced by the ability to pay. Choice A is accurate as there is no single central agency governing the entire U.S. healthcare system. Choice C is a valid consideration as legal risks are important in healthcare provision. Choice D highlights a common issue in the U.S. healthcare system where high-tech equipment is available, but the payment for its use can be problematic.

4. Which action demonstrates a coparticipative manner in the nursing model of care?

• A. Working with the patient and family to achieve the best outcome.
• B. Encouraging the shy student to participate in class discussions, demonstrating transpersonal caring.
• C. Finding a way for a patient to see a dog, understanding the patient's needs.
• D. Accepting individuals for who they are, maintaining a nonjudgmental attitude.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A coparticipative manner in the nursing model of care involves collaborating with the patient and family to achieve the best outcome. This approach emphasizes working together as a team to address healthcare needs and make decisions. While encouraging a shy student, understanding a patient's needs, and maintaining a nonjudgmental attitude are all important aspects of nursing care, the coparticipative manner specifically focuses on partnership and shared decision-making in the care process.

5. How is motivation typically described?

• A. As a stagnant, unchanging force
• B. As a fluid, dynamic process that changes over time
• C. As a process that requires great force to change
• D. As a process that differs every day

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Motivation is commonly described as a fluid and dynamic process that evolves and changes over time. It is not stagnant but rather fluctuates based on various internal and external factors. Choice A is incorrect as motivation is not stagnant but dynamic. Choice C is incorrect as motivation does not necessarily require great force to change. Choice D is incorrect as motivation is not something that differs drastically every day, but rather changes gradually over time.

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