Nursing Elites

1. In an underdeveloped country, the nurse observes the natives lighting ritual fires and pounding on primitive drums around the sick person to promote recovery. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating the natives believe illness results from which items?

• A. Pathogens and genetics
• B. Evil spirits
• C. Tides and planets
• D. Plants and animals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The behavior of lighting fires and pounding on drums to promote recovery suggests a belief in evil spirits causing illness. In many cultures, rituals like these are performed to ward off evil spirits or negative energies that are thought to be the cause of sickness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the described behavior aligns more with spiritual or supernatural beliefs rather than scientific explanations related to pathogens, genetics, tides, planets, plants, or animals.

2. What may the patient's statement, 'I cannot read until I get my glasses,' indicate?

• A. The patient is embarrassed about needing glasses
• B. The patient has visual impairment
• C. The patient may be illiterate
• D. The patient is being uncooperative

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The patient stating they cannot read until they get their glasses suggests a potential issue with literacy rather than visual impairment or unwillingness to cooperate. This statement should prompt further assessment to determine the patient's reading abilities and potential literacy needs. Choice A is incorrect as the statement does not directly imply embarrassment. Choice B is incorrect as the statement does not necessarily indicate a visual impairment. Choice D is incorrect as there is no clear evidence of the patient being uncooperative based on the provided statement.

3. The nurse is caring for a patient who has just received a cancer diagnosis. The patient is crying. The nurse recognizes this patient is operating on what level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• A. Self-esteem
• B. Love and belonging
• C. Safety
• D. Self-actualization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, safety needs come after physiological needs. When a patient is crying after receiving a cancer diagnosis, they may be feeling a lack of security and safety. This indicates that the patient is operating on the level of safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy. Choice A, self-esteem, focuses on confidence and respect, which is not the immediate concern when receiving a cancer diagnosis. Choice B, love and belonging, pertains to relationships and social connections, which are important but not the primary focus in this situation. Choice D, self-actualization, involves personal growth and fulfilling one's potential, which is a higher-level need compared to safety needs, making it less likely for a patient to be operating at this level when distressed by a cancer diagnosis.

4. Caring means responding to others as unique individuals, sensing their emotions, and accepting them as they are, unconditionally. This response accepts the patient's choice without condemning or frightening them.

• A. Finding a way for the patient to see the dog, even if they can only look out a window, shows caring by understanding this patient's needs.
• B. The definition of transpersonal caring includes accepting individuals for who they are, so a nonjudgmental attitude is essential.
• C. This statement includes the patient in planning care, demonstrating care for the patient's needs and preferences.
• D. Curative nursing care is high-tech, or nursing care that is based on the medical model of care, which often is based on the use of technology.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The statement in option C aligns with the concept of caring described in the question. By including the patient in planning care, it demonstrates an understanding of and respect for the patient's individual needs and preferences. This approach fosters a patient-centered care environment, promoting better outcomes and patient satisfaction. Options A and B touch on aspects of caring but do not directly address the scenario described in the question. Option D introduces a different concept, curative nursing care, which is not relevant to the context of the question focused on patient-centered caring and acceptance.

5. Where do many people get medical insurance from?

• A. The primary care physician
• B. The local clinic
• C. Social security office
• D. The employer

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Many people obtain medical insurance through their employer. This is a common practice where employers offer health insurance benefits to their employees as part of their employment package. Choice A, primary care physician, is incorrect as they provide medical care, not insurance. Choice B, the local clinic, is incorrect as clinics offer medical services, not insurance. Choice C, social security office, is incorrect as it is not a typical source for obtaining medical insurance.

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