Nursing Elites

1. During the initial assessment of the newborn, which of the following data would be considered normal?

• A. Chest circumference 31.5 cm, head circumference 33.5 cm
• B. Chest circumference 30 cm, head circumference 29 cm
• C. Chest circumference 38 cm, head circumference 31.5 cm
• D. Chest circumference 32.5 cm, head circumference 36 cm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. During the initial assessment of a newborn, the average head circumference at birth is 32 to 37 cm, while the average chest circumference ranges from 30 to 35 cm. Normally, the head's circumference is about 2 cm greater than the chest circumference at birth. Choice A provides measurements of chest circumference 31.5 cm and head circumference 33.5 cm, both falling within the normal range in terms of actual size and relative size. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the typical measurements seen in a healthy newborn. Choice B has both circumferences below the average range, choice C has the chest circumference above the average, and choice D has the head circumference notably higher than the chest circumference, which is not typical for a newborn.

2. After the baby's head delivers, how is it usually tilted?

• A. with the face up.
• B. anteriorly, with the chin up.
• C. posteriorly, to one side.
• D. posteriorly, face down.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After the baby's head delivers, it is typically tilted posteriorly to one side to help facilitate the delivery of the shoulders. This positioning is important for the safe and smooth delivery of the baby.

3. Adoley has been presented at the OPD with the following clinical manifestations: crying easily, short attention span, inability to sit still, fatigue but unable to sleep at night, excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and blood pressure. Which of the following will be the appropriate diagnosis for Adoley?

• A. Autism
• B. Hyperthyroidism
• C. Hypoglycemia
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described in the case, such as excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and inability to sleep, are indicative of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like increased heart rate, sweating, and difficulty sleeping, which align with Adoley's clinical manifestations. Therefore, the appropriate diagnosis for Adoley would be hyperthyroidism.

4. The word hormone is derived from the Greek 'hormao' meaning 'I excite or arouse'. Hormones communicate this effect by their unique chemical structures recognized by specific receptors on their target cells, by their patterns of secretion, and their concentrations in the general or local circulation. Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?

• A. Producing new offspring
• B. Promoting growth and beauty
• C. Maintaining body temperature
• D. Fighting infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The function of producing new offspring is not attributed to hormones. Hormones primarily regulate various physiological processes in the body such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and immune response, but they do not directly play a role in producing offspring.

5. When you attempt to assess a 22-year-old woman who has been sexually assaulted, she orders you not to touch her. Your MOST appropriate initial action should be to:

• A. obtain a signed refusal and return to service.
• B. transport the patient without performing an assessment.
• C. explain to the patient that she must be examined.
• D. ask a female EMT to attempt to assess the patient.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In cases of sexual assault, it's important to respect the patient's wishes and provide a female EMT to attempt the assessment if the patient prefers.

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