the longest bone in the human body is the

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS version 7 quizlet science

1. What is the longest bone in the human body?

A. Tibia
B. Fibula
C. Femur
D. Humerus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The femur is indeed the longest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee, providing crucial support for the body's weight and enabling various movements. The tibia and fibula are bones in the lower leg, while the humerus is located in the upper arm. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in this context.

2. What is the difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?

A. Emphysema damages alveoli, while chronic bronchitis inflames airways.
B. Emphysema causes coughing, while chronic bronchitis leads to shortness of breath.
C. Emphysema is more reversible than chronic bronchitis.
D. Emphysema affects only smokers, while chronic bronchitis can occur in non-smokers.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of alveoli in the lungs, leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to excessive mucus production and coughing. Therefore, the correct difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis is that emphysema damages the alveoli, while chronic bronchitis inflames the airways. Choice B is incorrect because chronic bronchitis is associated with coughing, not emphysema. Choice C is incorrect as chronic bronchitis is typically less reversible compared to emphysema. Choice D is incorrect as both emphysema and chronic bronchitis are commonly seen in smokers, but chronic bronchitis can also occur in non-smokers due to other factors such as air pollution or genetic predisposition.

3. Blood type is a trait determined by multiple alleles, with IA coding for A blood, IB coding for B blood, and i coding for O blood being recessive. If an individual with A heterozygosity and an O individual have a child, what is the probability that the child will have A blood?

A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an A heterozygote individual (IAi) and an O individual (ii) have a child, there are four possible combinations of alleles that the child can inherit: IA from the A parent and i from the O parent; IA from the A parent and i from the O parent; i from the A parent and i from the O parent; i from the A parent and i from the O parent. Out of these combinations, 50% of the offspring will inherit the A allele from the A parent, resulting in A blood type. Therefore, the correct answer is 50%. Choice A is incorrect because the probability is not 25%. Choice C is incorrect as it overestimates the likelihood. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests a certainty which is not the case in genetics.

4. Which structure serves as the electrical stimulator of the cardiac muscle?

A. The sinoatrial node
B. The left ventricle
C. The aorta
D. The tricuspid valve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the sinoatrial node. This node, also referred to as the pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that stimulate cardiac muscle contractions. It plays a crucial role in setting the pace and rhythm of the heart's contractions. Choices B, C, and D (the left ventricle, the aorta, and the tricuspid valve, respectively) do not serve as the primary electrical stimulator of the cardiac muscle. While the left ventricle is a chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body, the aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart, and the tricuspid valve is a one-way valve that ensures blood flows properly through the heart, none of these structures initiate the electrical impulses that cause the cardiac muscle to contract.

5. What is the process by which ribosomes use transcribed RNA to assemble the required protein?

A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Duplication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Translation is the correct process where ribosomes decode mRNA to synthesize proteins, following the sequence of codons in the mRNA. During translation, ribosomes use the transcribed RNA (mRNA) as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein according to the genetic code carried by the mRNA. Choice B, Transcription, is incorrect as it is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template. Choice C, Replication, is also incorrect as it involves the duplication of DNA to produce an identical copy. Choice D, Duplication, is not a biological term related to protein synthesis, making it an incorrect choice.