one of the signs of chf is shortness of breath what is the name for shortness of breath when lying down
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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN

1. One of the signs of CHF is shortness of breath. What is the term for shortness of breath when lying down?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Orthopnea is the specific term used to describe shortness of breath when lying down. This condition is commonly seen in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to the redistribution of fluid in the body when changing positions. Platypnea refers to shortness of breath that worsens when sitting or standing, apnea is the cessation of breathing, and epistaxis is the medical term for a nosebleed. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Orthopnea).

2. When does the rash in typhoid fever typically appear?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In typhoid fever, the rash typically appears on the third day after symptoms first appear. This rash can help in diagnosing the disease along with other symptoms such as fever, malaise, and abdominal pain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the rash in typhoid fever usually appears on the third day, not the second, fourth, or seventh day after the symptoms begin.

3. In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Short stature in growing children can result from anterior pituitary gland hypofunction, which leads to growth hormone deficiency. The anterior pituitary gland plays a crucial role in stimulating the release of growth hormone, and when it is underactive (hypofunction), insufficient growth hormone is produced, resulting in short stature and slow growth rates.

4. Which of the following techniques represents the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway of an infant with no suspected neck injury?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Tilting the head back without hyperextending the neck is the safest way to open an infant's airway. Hyperextending the neck can potentially cause harm to the infant, making option D the most appropriate method for opening an infant's airway without suspected neck injury.

5. When teaching a new mother how to perform perineal care, which instruction should be included?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Using a peri-bottle filled with warm water after each voiding is essential for proper perineal care as it helps cleanse the area without causing irritation and promotes healing. It is important to avoid using a back-to-front motion to prevent introducing bacteria into the urethra, and using powder may increase the risk of infection. Cleansing solutions specifically formulated for perineal care may be recommended but should be used under healthcare provider guidance.

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