Nursing Elites

1. Microfilaments and microtubules are both components of the cytoskeleton, but they have different functions. Which of these describes microfilaments?

• A. Provide structural support and shape
• B. Facilitate cell movement and contraction
• C. Form the mitotic spindle during cell division
• D. Transport materials within the cell

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Microfilaments are thin, solid rods made of the protein actin and are primarily responsible for providing structural support to the cell and determining its shape. While they also play a role in cell movement, their main function is related to maintaining the structural integrity of the cell. Choice B, 'Facilitate cell movement and contraction,' describes microtubules, which are responsible for facilitating cell movement, providing structural support, and aiding in cell division. Choice C, 'Form the mitotic spindle during cell division,' specifically refers to the function of microtubules in forming the mitotic spindle. Choice D, 'Transport materials within the cell,' is characteristic of microtubules that are involved in intracellular transport of organelles and materials within the cell.

2. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Sympathetic nervous system
• D. Enteric nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, triggering the body's automatic response to a perceived threat or danger. This system initiates physiological changes like increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and the release of adrenaline, preparing the body to confront or escape the threat. The somatic nervous system (Choice A) controls voluntary movements, the parasympathetic nervous system (Choice B) is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response to promote relaxation and digestion, and the enteric nervous system (Choice D) regulates the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, they are not associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response.

3. Which of these body parts does not contain melanin?

• A. Hair
• B. Nails
• C. Skin
• D. Iris

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The iris is the colored part of the eye that determines the eye's color. Melanin is not present in the iris, unlike hair, nails, and skin. Melanin gives color to hair, nails, and skin, but not to the iris. Therefore, the correct answer is the iris (Choice D). Choices A, B, and C contain melanin and are incorrect.

4. Where is the gastrocnemius vein in relation to the femoral vein?

• A. Lateral
• B. Distal
• C. Superior
• D. Ventral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The gastrocnemius vein is located lateral to the femoral vein. In anatomical terms, lateral refers to the direction towards the side of the body or away from the midline. In this case, the gastrocnemius vein is positioned to the side of the femoral vein. The term 'distal' refers to being further away from the point of reference, 'superior' indicates a higher position, and 'ventral' refers to the front or anterior aspect of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Lateral.

5. In physics, what does the term 'net force' refer to?

• A. Total force acting on an object
• B. Force due to gravity
• C. Force in motion
• D. Force of friction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In physics, the term 'net force' refers to the total force acting on an object, considering all individual forces acting on it. It is crucial in determining the object's motion and acceleration as it represents the overall force applied to the object. Choice B, 'Force due to gravity,' is incorrect as it refers to a specific force acting on an object due to gravity. Choice C, 'Force in motion,' is incorrect as it does not define the concept of net force. Choice D, 'Force of friction,' is incorrect as it specifically refers to the force opposing motion when two surfaces are in contact.

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