ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024
1. A client is postoperative following hip replacement surgery. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in preventing dislocation of the prosthesis?
- A. Cross your legs at the knees
- B. Avoid bending your hip more than 90 degrees
- C. Sit with your legs elevated
- D. Avoid placing a pillow under your knees
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To prevent dislocation of the prosthesis after hip replacement surgery, it is essential to avoid bending the hip more than 90 degrees. This precaution helps maintain the stability of the hip joint and reduces the risk of prosthesis dislocation. Crossing legs at the knees (Choice A) can increase pressure on the hip joint, leading to instability. Sitting with legs elevated (Choice C) and avoiding placing a pillow under the knees (Choice D) do not directly address the risk of prosthesis dislocation.
2. What should a healthcare professional do when they observe signs of phlebitis in a client receiving IV fluids?
- A. Apply a cold compress
- B. Notify the physician immediately
- C. Apply a warm compress
- D. Administer anti-inflammatory medication
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When signs of phlebitis are observed in a client receiving IV fluids, the appropriate action is to apply a warm compress. This helps to reduce discomfort and swelling at the site of the IV insertion. Applying a cold compress may not be as effective in this case and could potentially worsen the condition. While notifying the physician is important, providing immediate comfort to the client through a warm compress is the initial recommended intervention. Administering anti-inflammatory medication should only be done under the direction of a healthcare provider after assessment and evaluation of the client's condition.
3. A nurse is caring for a female client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Position the drainage bag below the bladder
- B. Wipe the drainage port after emptying
- C. Insert the catheter using sterile technique
- D. Avoid cleansing the urinary meatus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to wipe the drainage port after emptying. This action helps reduce the risk of infection by maintaining cleanliness. Positioning the drainage bag below the bladder (choice A) is incorrect as it should be positioned below the level of the bladder to prevent backflow of urine. Inserting the catheter using sterile technique (choice C) is not necessary for routine emptying of the drainage bag. Avoiding cleansing the urinary meatus (choice D) is incorrect as proper hygiene should be maintained to prevent infections.
4. A client receiving chemotherapy has developed stomatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide lemon-glycerin swabs
- B. Encourage the client to eat soft foods
- C. Avoid using toothpaste
- D. Instruct the client to use a mouthwash containing alcohol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when caring for a client with stomatitis due to chemotherapy is to encourage the client to eat soft foods. Soft foods help prevent further irritation to the already inflamed and sore oral mucosa. Providing lemon-glycerin swabs may further irritate the mucosa due to the acidic nature of lemon. Avoiding toothpaste is advisable as many toothpaste products contain ingredients that can aggravate stomatitis. Instructing the client to use a mouthwash containing alcohol is contraindicated as alcohol-based mouthwashes can be too harsh and drying for the already sensitive oral tissues.
5. What are the complications of untreated hypertension?
- A. Heart disease and stroke
- B. Kidney failure and vision loss
- C. Pulmonary embolism and arrhythmias
- D. Blood clots and gastrointestinal bleeding
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Heart disease and stroke.' Untreated hypertension can lead to various complications, including heart disease and stroke. These are common outcomes of long-term high blood pressure. Choice B, 'Kidney failure and vision loss,' is incorrect as kidney failure and vision loss are more commonly associated with diabetic complications rather than untreated hypertension. Choice C, 'Pulmonary embolism and arrhythmias,' while serious, are not among the primary complications of untreated hypertension. Choice D, 'Blood clots and gastrointestinal bleeding,' are not typical complications of untreated hypertension but can occur due to other conditions such as blood clotting disorders or gastrointestinal diseases.
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