a nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension about the dash diet which of the following statements should the nurse include in
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Nursing Elites

ATI LPN

Fundamentals of Nursing LPN

1. A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension, and the nurse is teaching them about the DASH diet. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The DASH diet, recommended for managing hypertension, emphasizes increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables. These food groups are rich in essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants, which can help lower blood pressure levels and promote overall cardiovascular health.

2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging pursed-lip breathing is essential for clients with COPD as it aids in improving ventilation and gas exchange. This technique helps keep the airways open longer during exhalation, preventing air trapping and promoting more effective breathing. Administering oxygen, placing the client in a supine position, or restricting fluid intake are not primary interventions for managing COPD and may not address the specific respiratory needs of the client.

3. When teaching a client how to perform self-catheterization, which of the following instructions should be included?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To ensure effective drainage, the catheter should be inserted 2-4 inches into the urethra. This length allows the catheter to reach the bladder, bypass the urethral sphincters, and ensure proper drainage without causing discomfort or injury. Using sterile gloves, cleaning the catheter with alcohol, and performing the procedure every 8 hours are not accurate instructions for self-catheterization.

4. During a teaching session on dietary management for heart failure, a client makes a statement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because decreasing fluid intake is essential in managing fluid retention and symptoms of heart failure. Restricting fluids helps prevent excessive fluid buildup in the body, thus reducing the workload on the heart and alleviating symptoms like swelling and shortness of breath. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of foods high in sodium can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms. Increasing potassium-rich foods is beneficial for some heart conditions but not heart failure specifically. Decreasing fiber intake is not a standard recommendation for heart failure management.

5. A healthcare provider is planning care for a client who has a pressure ulcer. Which of the following interventions should the healthcare provider include?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Repositioning the client every 2 hours is a crucial intervention in the management of pressure ulcers. This action helps redistribute pressure, reducing the risk of further skin breakdown and promoting wound healing. Massaging the ulcer can cause further damage to the skin and underlying tissues. Applying a heating pad can increase the risk of skin breakdown and should be avoided. Alcohol-based cleansers are too harsh for pressure ulcers and can irritate the skin, potentially delaying healing.

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