NCLEX PN Exam Cram

NCLEX-PN

1. The factor that most determines drug distribution is:

A. vascular perfusion of the tissue or organ.
B. salt form.
C. drug interactions.
D. steady state.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'vascular perfusion of the tissue or organ.' Drug distribution is primarily determined by how well the circulatory system delivers the drug to various tissues and organs. Adequate perfusion ensures proper distribution of the drug throughout the body. While the salt form (choice B), drug interactions (choice C), and steady state (choice D) can influence drug efficacy and metabolism, they are not as crucial as vascular perfusion for the initial distribution of a drug.

2. Which system is primarily affected by tuberculosis (Mycobacterium)?

A. stomach (GI)
B. heart (cardiac)
C. lungs (respiratory)
D. skin (integumentary)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affects the respiratory system. This aerobic bacillus thrives in highly oxygenated body sites, such as the lungs, growing ends of bones, and the brain. The bacillus is airborne, making the lungs a common site for infection. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as tuberculosis predominantly impacts the respiratory system and rarely involves the stomach, heart, or skin.

3. When encountering the significant other of a patient with end-stage AIDS crying during her smoke break, what is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

A. Allow her to grieve by herself.
B. Tell her to go ahead and cry, after all, your husband’s pretty bad off.
C. Tell her you realize how upset she is, but you don’t want to talk about it now.
D. Approach her, offering tissues, and encourage her to verbalize her feelings

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Approaching the significant other, offering tissues, and encouraging her to verbalize her feelings is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take. Being left alone during the grief process isolates individuals, and they need an outlet for their feelings. By showing empathy and providing support, the nurse can help the significant other cope with her emotions. Choices A, B, and C are inappropriate because they do not offer support or encourage the expression of feelings, which are crucial in such situations.

4. What must the evening nurse do to facilitate the client's ECT treatment the next morning?

A. Ensure the patient signs an informed consent form
B. Administer evening medications
C. Ensure the patient gets a good night's sleep
D. Provide dietary restrictions as per ECT protocol

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment, obtaining informed consent is crucial before the procedure. This ensures the patient is aware of the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the treatment. Administering medications, ensuring rest, and dietary restrictions are important but not directly related to the specific requirement of obtaining informed consent for ECT. The correct answer, ensuring the patient signs an informed consent form, is essential to uphold the patient's autonomy and ensure they have the necessary information to make an informed decision about their treatment.

5. Which statement best describes electrolytes in intracellular and extracellular fluid?

A. There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid
B. There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium in extracellular fluid
C. There is a greater concentration of potassium in extracellular fluid and sodium in intracellular fluid
D. There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Electrolytes are distributed unequally between intracellular and extracellular fluids. Sodium concentration is higher in extracellular fluid, while potassium concentration is higher in intracellular fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is 'There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the typical distribution of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluid.