NCLEX-PN
Next Generation Nclex Questions Overview 3.0 ATI Quizlet
1. A client with an ileus is placed on intestinal tube suction. Which of the following electrolytes is lost with intestinal suction?
- A. calcium
- B. magnesium
- C. potassium
- D. sodium chloride
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a client with an ileus is placed on intestinal tube suction, the primary electrolyte lost is sodium chloride. Duodenal intestinal fluid contains potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and bicarbonate. Suctioning is done to remove excess fluids, leading to a decrease in the client's sodium chloride levels. Therefore, options A, B, and C are incorrect as calcium, magnesium, and potassium are not the primary electrolytes lost during intestinal suction in a client with an ileus.
2. Which is the proper hand position for performing chest vibration?
- A. cup the hands
- B. use the side of the hands
- C. flatten the hands
- D. spread the fingers of both hands
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct hand position for performing chest vibration is to flatten the hands. By flattening the hands over the area of the body where chest percussion is applied, vibrations can be conducted effectively to the chest to help loosen secretions. Cupping the hands may dampen vibrations, using the side of the hands reduces the surface area in contact with the chest, and spreading the fingers can lead to uneven pressure distribution. Therefore, flattening the hands provides the necessary contact and surface area to perform chest vibration efficiently.
3. The nurse should teach parents of small children that the most common type of first-degree burn is:
- A. scalding from hot bath water or spills.
- B. contact with hot surfaces such as stoves and fireplaces.
- C. contact with flammable liquids or gases resulting in flash burns.
- D. sunburn from lack of protection and overexposure.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'sunburn from lack of protection and overexposure.' First-degree burns primarily affect the outer layer of the skin and are commonly caused by overexposure to the sun without adequate protection, making it a significant concern for parents of small children. Choices A, B, and C describe other types of burns (scalding, contact with hot surfaces, and contact with flammable substances) that can cause more severe burns beyond the first-degree level. It is crucial for parents to be educated about sun safety measures to prevent sunburns in children.
4. When administering NSAID adjunctive therapy to an elderly client with cancer, the nurse must monitor:
- A. BUN and creatinine.
- B. creatinine and calcium.
- C. Hgb and Hct.
- D. BUN and CFT.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When an elderly client with cancer is receiving NSAID therapy, monitoring BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine levels is crucial. NSAIDs can cause renal toxicity, especially in the elderly. BUN and creatinine levels help assess renal function and detect early signs of renal impairment. Monitoring creatinine alone (Choice B) is not sufficient as BUN provides complementary information about renal function. Monitoring hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) (Choice C) is important for assessing anemia but not specific to NSAID therapy in the elderly. CFT (Choice D) is not a standard abbreviation in this context, and monitoring coagulation function is not directly related to NSAID therapy in this scenario.
5. In which of the following conditions might increased cortisol levels be found?
- A. Cushing's syndrome
- B. Addison's disease
- C. Renal failure
- D. Congestive heart failure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by increased cortisol levels due to the overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. This excess cortisol can lead to various symptoms and complications. Addison's disease is associated with decreased cortisol levels as it results from adrenal insufficiency, making it an incorrect choice in this context. Renal failure and congestive heart failure are not typically linked to abnormal cortisol levels, further indicating that they are not the conditions where increased cortisol levels are found.
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