NCLEX-PN
Nclex Questions Management of Care
1. A child comes to the clinic with a skin rash. The maculopapular lesions are distributed around the mouth and have honey-colored drainage. The caregiver states that the rash is getting worse and seems to spread with the child's scratching. Which of the following advisory comments should be given?
- A. The history and presentation might indicate chickenpox, a highly contagious disease.
- B. The lesions might indicate a noncontagious infection that does not require isolation.
- C. The history and presentation might indicate an infectious illness called impetigo.
- D. The lesions are not contagious unless others have open wounds or lesions themselves.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The scenario describes classic impetigo, characterized by maculopapular lesions with honey-colored drainage, typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Antibiotic therapy is usually indicated for impetigo. Chickenpox, a highly contagious disease, presents with a history of high fever followed by a vesicular rash, different from the described maculopapular lesions with honey-colored drainage. Choice A is incorrect as the presentation is not consistent with chickenpox. Choice B is incorrect because impetigo is contagious, especially through direct contact. Choice D is also incorrect as impetigo is a contagious skin infection regardless of others having open wounds or lesions.
2. The client with a diagnosis of hepatitis is experiencing pruritus. Which would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Suggest that the client take warm showers once a day.
- B. Add baby oil to the client's bath water.
- C. Apply powder to the client's skin.
- D. Suggest a cool-water rinse after bathing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pruritus, or itching, in clients with hepatitis can be alleviated by adding moisturizing agents to bath water. Baby oil helps soothe and moisturize the skin, reducing dryness and itching. Warm showers, as in choice A, can be drying to the skin if taken too frequently, making it less suitable than adding oil to the bath water. Applying powder, as mentioned in choice C, can exacerbate dryness rather than alleviate it. Choice D suggests a cool-water rinse after bathing, which can help in retaining moisture and is less drying compared to hot water rinses.
3. To ensure proper immobilization and increase client comfort when using a rigid splint, what should be done?
- A. Place the client on a stretcher before splinting.
- B. Place the client on a long spine board before splinting.
- C. Pad the spaces between the body part and the splint.
- D. Ensure that the splint conforms to the body curves.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Correct. When using a rigid splint, it is essential to pad the spaces between the body part and the splint to ensure proper immobilization and increase client comfort. This padding helps prevent pressure points and ensures a proper fit of the splint without causing discomfort. Placing the client on a stretcher or a long spine board before splinting (choices A and B) may be necessary for transportation but does not directly relate to the proper use of a rigid splint. Ensuring that the splint conforms to the body curves (choice D) is important but not as crucial as padding the spaces to prevent discomfort and ensure proper immobilization.
4. When observing a dressing change by a graduate nurse on a Stage III pressure ulcer to the greater trochanter by the staff nurse, a need for further teaching is indicated after the following observation by the nurse:
- A. The new graduate nurse irrigates the pressure ulcer with 50cc of NS.
- B. The new graduate irrigates the pressure ulcer with half-strength hydrogen peroxide.
- C. The new graduate packs the wound with sterile kerlix soaked in NS.
- D. The new graduate applies a Duoderm dressing over the wound after cleansing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is that the new graduate irrigates the pressure ulcer with half-strength hydrogen peroxide. Pressure ulcers should not be cleaned with substances that are cytotoxic, such as hydrogen peroxide or betadine. This can cause further damage to the wound and delay the healing process. Choice A is incorrect because irrigating the pressure ulcer with normal saline is an appropriate practice. Choice C is incorrect because packing the wound with sterile kerlix soaked in normal saline is also an appropriate step. Choice D is incorrect because applying a Duoderm dressing after cleansing is a standard procedure in wound care.
5. A small amount of bubbling is seen in the water seal of a pleural drainage system when a client coughs. What should the nurse do?
- A. Consider it a normal finding.
- B. Check the system for leaks.
- C. Clamp the chest tube.
- D. Change the drainage system.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A small amount of bubbling is a normal finding in the water seal of a pleural drainage system when a client coughs. It is only a problem to find continuous, excessive bubbling in the water seal, which indicates a leak. Checking the system for leaks would be appropriate if there is continuous, excessive bubbling. Clamping the chest tube or changing the drainage system is not necessary in response to a small amount of bubbling during a cough, as this is considered a normal finding.
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