which of the following microorganisms are considered normal body flora

NCLEX-PN

NCLEX PN Test Bank

1. Which of the following microorganisms are considered normal body flora?

A. staphylococcus on the skin
B. streptococcus in the nares
C. candida albicans in the vagina
D. pseudomonas in the blood

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Staphylococcus is considered normal body flora as it is commonly found on the skin, being a part of the normal microbiota. While streptococcus in the nares can be part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, it is not as common or as widespread as staphylococcus on the skin. Candida albicans in the vagina is not considered normal flora; it is a common opportunistic pathogen in the vagina. Pseudomonas in the blood is also not considered normal body flora; pseudomonas is not typically found in the blood as part of the normal microbiota.

2. A test that can correctly identify those who do not have a given disease is:

A. specific.
B. sensitive.
C. negative culture
D. marginal finding.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'specific.' Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have a particular disease. In this case, when the client's lab culture report is negative for the suspected infection, a specific test would correctly identify that the client does not have the disease. 'Sensitive' (Choice B) is incorrect as sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do have the disease. 'Negative culture' (Choice C) is incorrect as it does not describe the test's ability but rather the result itself. 'Marginal finding' (Choice D) is irrelevant to the concept being tested in this question.

3. Which of the following tasks are appropriate for an LPN to perform?

A. Adjusting the cervical traction device of a 68-year-old client as instructed by the charge nurse.
B. performing operation on a woman in labour
C. Assessing a 36-year-old man newly admitted for chest pain.
D. Obtaining an occult blood sample from a 16-year-old client with ulcerative colitis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Tasks appropriate for an LPN to perform include teaching, obtaining samples, and documenting. LPNs can educate clients on care practices, such as teaching a new mother how to care for her baby. Obtaining samples, like an occult blood sample, falls within the scope of an LPN's responsibilities. Assessments, especially initial assessments, should be conducted by a registered nurse or physician, making option C incorrect. Adjusting devices like a cervical traction device should be done based on direct orders from prescribing providers, not charge nurses, making option A inappropriate for an LPN's role.

4. The client is going for surgery and mentions their religious objection to blood transfusions. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate?

A. "I can ask pastoral care to send someone to speak with you about this concern since it would not be safe to refuse a blood transfusion."?
B. "I understand, and you have the right to refuse blood transfusions."?
C. "While I understand, if there is excessive bleeding during surgery, we may need to transfuse blood to stabilize you."?
D. "I have received a blood transfusion before, and I do not think you understand the risks versus the benefits of refusing this."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate response is, '"I understand, and you have the right to refuse blood transfusions."? This answer shows respect for the client's autonomy and religious beliefs. It is crucial for healthcare providers to acknowledge and support a patient's decision-making regarding their care, even if it conflicts with medical advice. Option A is not ideal as it might seem dismissive of the client's beliefs. Option C introduces a potential negative outcome of refusing a blood transfusion, which could induce fear or coercion. Option D is inappropriate because it implies judgment and does not uphold the client's autonomy.

5. What should a client room environment include?

A. a made bed, fresh water, thermostat regulation, and clean floors in all occupied client areas.
B. a made bed, comfort and safety, a clutter-free area, hygiene articles nearby.
C. accident prevention, comfort, a room (including furniture) that has been cleaned with chloroseptic wash, a bed that is made every other day.
D. odor control (by spraying the room with deodorizers), closet storage of all client objects, a clean room. (Gloves should be worn when cleaning.)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A client room environment should include a made bed to provide a sense of neatness and comfort, ensuring the client's safety at all times. It is important to maintain a clutter-free area to prevent accidents and promote a relaxing environment. Having hygiene articles nearby allows the client easy access to personal care items. Choice A is incorrect because while fresh water and thermostat regulation are important, they are not essential components of a client room environment. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes more on cleaning procedures rather than creating a comfortable and safe environment for the client. Choice D is incorrect as it emphasizes odor control and storage rather than the client's comfort and safety.