Nursing Elites

1. What is the most appropriate feeding method for a client who is unable to swallow?

• A. Nothing by mouth
• B. Nasogastric feedings
• C. Clear liquids
• D. Total parenteral nutrition

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nasogastric feedings are the most appropriate feeding method for a client who is unable to swallow. Providing nothing by mouth can lead to nutritional deficiencies, while clear liquids might cause aspiration. Total parenteral nutrition is not necessary if the gastrointestinal tract is functional. Nasogastric feedings are preferred as they can safely provide nutrition without the risks associated with not eating or aspirating.

2. After administering medication through an NG tube, the client asks if he can lie down when the nurse leaves the room. What is the most appropriate response?

• A. You can lie down in 1 hour.
• B. You can lie down in 5 minutes if your NG residual is below 50 mLs.
• C. You can lie down in about 30 minutes.
• D. Yes, feel free to lie down.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to inform the client that they can lie down in about 30 minutes. After administering medication through an NG tube, it is recommended that the client remains upright for about 30 minutes to ensure proper absorption of the medications. Option A is incorrect as waiting for 1 hour is unnecessary. Option B is incorrect as the specified timeframe and condition given are not standard practice for lying down after NG tube medication administration. Option D is incorrect as it lacks guidance on the appropriate waiting time and does not emphasize the importance of waiting before lying down for optimal medication absorption.

3. A syringe pump is a type of electronic infusion pump used to infuse fluids or medications directly from a syringe. This device is commonly used for:

• A. solutions administered in obstetrics.
• B. dilute antibiotics.
• C. large volumes of IV solutions.
• D. the neonatal and pediatric populations.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the neonatal and pediatric populations.' Syringe pumps are commonly used in neonatal and pediatric populations because they allow for precise infusion of small volumes of medications or fluids at controlled rates. This is crucial for ensuring safety and accuracy in these delicate populations. Choice A is incorrect because syringe pumps are not limited to obstetrics; they are used in various healthcare settings. Choices B and C are incorrect because syringe pumps are not typically used for dilute antibiotics or large volumes of IV solutions. Instead, they are preferred for delivering small volumes accurately, making them ideal for neonatal and pediatric care.

4. Which fetal heart monitor pattern can indicate cord compression?

• A. variable decelerations
• B. early decelerations
• C. bradycardia
• D. tachycardia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Variable decelerations can indicate cord compression as they are caused by umbilical cord compression or prolapse. This pattern shows an abrupt decrease in heart rate with an erratic shape, often resembling a V or W. Early decelerations (choice B) are typically caused by head compression during contractions and are considered benign. Bradycardia (choice C) is a consistent low heart rate below 110 bpm and is not specific to cord compression. Tachycardia (choice D) is an abnormally high heart rate above 160 bpm and is not associated with cord compression.

5. Which of the following foods should be avoided by clients who are prone to developing heartburn as a result of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

• A. lettuce
• B. eggs
• C. chocolate
• D. butterscotch

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is chocolate. Ingestion of chocolate can reduce lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, leading to reflux and clinical symptoms of GERD. Lettuce and eggs do not significantly affect LES pressure, making them less likely to trigger GERD symptoms. Butterscotch, like lettuce and eggs, does not have a notable effect on LES pressure, so it is not as likely to worsen GERD symptoms as chocolate. Therefore, chocolate is the food to be avoided by clients prone to heartburn due to GERD.

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