HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam Capstone
1. The healthcare provider is caring for a client with severe anemia. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Pale skin
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Shortness of breath
- D. Fatigue
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Shortness of breath is a critical sign in severe anemia as it indicates inadequate oxygenation, which can be life-threatening. Immediate intervention is necessary to address this condition. Pale skin (choice A) is a common finding in anemia but not as urgent as shortness of breath. Increased heart rate (choice B) is a compensatory mechanism in anemia to maintain oxygen delivery and is important but not as urgent as addressing inadequate oxygenation. Fatigue (choice D) is a common symptom in anemia but does not indicate an immediate life-threatening situation like shortness of breath does.
2. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions regarding the administration of alendronate (Fosamax)?
- A. I will take the medication at bedtime to avoid stomach upset.
- B. I will take the medication with a full glass of water first thing in the morning.
- C. I will lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- D. I will take the medication with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alendronate (Fosamax) should be taken with a full glass of water in the morning to prevent esophageal irritation and ensure proper absorption. Choice A is incorrect because taking alendronate at bedtime increases the risk of esophageal irritation due to lying down. Choice C is incorrect because patients should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking alendronate to prevent esophageal irritation. Choice D is incorrect because alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, not with food, to enhance absorption.
3. A client with end-stage pulmonary disease requests 'no heroic measures' if she stops breathing. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Document the client's request in the medical record.
- B. Ask the client to discuss a DNR order with her healthcare provider.
- C. Consult the ethics committee for guidance.
- D. Discharge the client with no further discussion.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct next step for the nurse is to ask the client to discuss a 'do not resuscitate' (DNR) order with her healthcare provider. While the client's wishes should be respected, it is essential to ensure proper documentation and legal protection by involving the healthcare provider in this decision-making process. Documenting the request in the medical record (Choice A) is important but should follow the discussion with the healthcare provider. Consulting the ethics committee (Choice C) may not be necessary at this stage and could delay the necessary actions. Discharging the client (Choice D) without further discussion is not appropriate and disregards the importance of addressing the client's wishes in a respectful and professional manner.
4. A client is admitted with a suspected bowel obstruction. What assessment finding should the nurse report immediately?
- A. Absent bowel sounds in all quadrants.
- B. Distended abdomen with a firm, rigid feel.
- C. Frequent episodes of nausea and vomiting.
- D. Hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal cramping.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A distended abdomen with a firm, rigid feel is a concerning sign that suggests a complication such as bowel perforation, which requires immediate intervention. Absent bowel sounds can be expected in bowel obstructions but are not as urgent as a rigid abdomen. Frequent episodes of nausea and vomiting are common with bowel obstructions but do not indicate an immediate life-threatening complication. Hyperactive bowel sounds and abdominal cramping are more indicative of bowel obstruction rather than a complication requiring immediate attention.
5. A client reports gastrointestinal upset after taking oral tetracycline. Which snack should the nurse recommend?
- A. Yogurt with fruit
- B. Toast with jelly
- C. Crackers with peanut butter
- D. Oatmeal with raisins
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Toast with jelly. Tetracycline can cause gastrointestinal upset when taken with dairy products. Yogurt with fruit (Choice A) contains dairy, which can worsen the gastrointestinal upset. Crackers with peanut butter (Choice C) and oatmeal with raisins (Choice D) are also not the best choices as they may not be gentle enough on the stomach. Toast with jelly is a simple snack that does not contain dairy and is less likely to exacerbate the gastrointestinal upset.
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