HESI RN
HESI Leadership and Management
1. When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, what does Nurse Juliet expect to administer?
- A. Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Regular insulin
- D. 10% dextrose
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic). Vasopressin is the treatment of choice for diabetes insipidus as it replaces the deficient antidiuretic hormone. Furosemide (Lasix) (choice B) is a diuretic and would exacerbate fluid loss, making it inappropriate for diabetes insipidus. Regular insulin (choice C) is used for diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus, which involves water balance rather than glucose regulation. 10% dextrose (choice D) is used to treat hypoglycemia, not diabetes insipidus.
2. The client is NPO and is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a subclavian line. Which precautions should the nurse implement? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Place the solution on an IV pump at the prescribed rate.
- B. Monitor blood glucose every twelve (12) hours.
- C. Weigh the client weekly, first thing in the morning.
- D. Change the IV tubing every three (3) days.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Precautions for clients receiving TPN include placing the solution on an IV pump to control the rate, monitoring blood glucose levels to detect hyperglycemia, and monitoring intake and output to assess fluid balance. Changing the IV tubing every three days is not a standard precaution for clients receiving TPN via a subclavian line.
3. What is the nurse's responsibility when dealing with an impaired colleague?
- A. The nurse should report the colleague to a supervisor and follow the institution's policy for addressing impaired practice.
- B. The nurse should confront the colleague directly and offer support to seek help for the impairment.
- C. Nonmaleficence
- D. The nurse should ignore the colleague's behavior and focus on their own responsibilities.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a nurse encounters an impaired colleague, the appropriate action is to report the behavior to a supervisor and follow the institution's policy for addressing impaired practice. This ensures patient safety and upholds professional standards. Choice B is incorrect because confronting the colleague directly may not be appropriate or effective in addressing the issue, and the colleague may need more structured assistance. Choice C is a principle of ethical practice but does not directly address the specific situation of dealing with an impaired colleague. Choice D is incorrect because ignoring the colleague's behavior could potentially compromise patient safety and is not in line with professional responsibility.
4. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with DM. The client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on the information that the pump:
- A. Gives small continuous doses of regular insulin subcutaneously, and the client can self-administer a bolus with an additional dosage from the pump before each meal.
- B. Is timed to release programmed doses of regular or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals.
- C. Is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses regular insulin into the pancreas, which in turn releases the insulin into the bloodstream.
- D. Continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose levels.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. An external insulin pump delivers small continuous doses of regular insulin subcutaneously throughout the day to meet the basal insulin needs. The client can also self-administer a bolus dose with an additional dosage from the pump before each meal to cover the mealtime insulin needs. Option B is incorrect as insulin pumps do not typically release programmed doses of insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals; instead, they infuse insulin subcutaneously. Option C is incorrect as insulin pumps are not surgically attached to the pancreas; they are worn externally. Option D is incorrect as NPH insulin is not commonly used in insulin pumps, and the pumps do not continuously infuse insulin directly into the bloodstream but rather subcutaneously.
5. For the first 72 hours after thyroidectomy surgery, nurse Jamie would assess the female client for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign because they indicate which of the following?
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs are clinical manifestations that suggest hypocalcemia, a common complication following thyroidectomy. Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve, resulting in facial muscle contraction, while Trousseau's sign is provoked by inflating a blood pressure cuff, leading to carpal spasm. Both signs are indicative of low calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not correlate with the signs specifically associated with hypocalcemia.
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