HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Quizlet
1. A client with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor). Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Take the medication in the morning.
- B. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
- C. Increase your intake of dairy products.
- D. Take the medication with food.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching plan is to advise the client to avoid consuming grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can increase the risk of atorvastatin (Lipitor) toxicity by inhibiting its metabolism. Atorvastatin is typically taken in the evening as cholesterol synthesis occurs at night. Increasing dairy intake is not specifically recommended for atorvastatin therapy, and the medication can be taken with or without food.
2. A client is being taught about the use of nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for angina. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will sit or lie down when I take the medication.
- B. I can take up to three tablets, 5 minutes apart, if needed.
- C. I will call 911 if my chest pain is not relieved after taking three tablets.
- D. I will keep the medication in its original dark container.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct administration of nitroglycerin for angina is to take up to three tablets, 5 minutes apart. If the chest pain persists after the third tablet, emergency medical services should be called. Taking more than three tablets or reducing the time interval between doses may lead to hypotension and indicates a need for further teaching.
3. The client with acute myelocytic leukemia is being treated with busulfan (Myleran). Which laboratory value should the nurse specifically monitor during treatment with this medication?
- A. Clotting time
- B. Uric acid level
- C. Potassium level
- D. Blood glucose level
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Uric acid level. Busulfan can cause an increase in uric acid levels, leading to hyperuricemia, renal stones, and acute renal failure. Monitoring uric acid levels is crucial to detect and manage potential complications associated with busulfan therapy.
4. A child is hospitalized with a diagnosis of lead poisoning. The healthcare provider assisting in caring for the child would prepare to assist in administering which of the following medications?
- A. Activated charcoal
- B. Sodium bicarbonate
- C. Syrup of ipecac
- D. Dimercaprol (BAL in Oil)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Dimercaprol (BAL in Oil) is a chelating agent indicated for lead poisoning. It works by binding to lead and facilitating its removal from the body. Activated charcoal is used for certain types of poisoning by adsorbing toxins, while sodium bicarbonate can be used to treat acidosis. Syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended for poison treatment due to potential risks.
5. A client who has begun taking fosinopril (Monopril) is very distressed, telling the nurse that he cannot taste food normally since beginning the medication 2 weeks ago. The nurse provides the best support to the client by:
- A. Telling the client not to take the medication with food
- B. Suggesting that the client taper the dose until taste returns to normal
- C. Informing the client that impaired taste is expected and generally disappears in 2 to 3 months
- D. Requesting that the health care provider (HCP) change the prescription to another brand of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to inform the client that impaired taste is an expected side effect of ACE inhibitors like fosinopril, such as Monopril, and typically resolves within 2 to 3 months. It is essential for the nurse to offer reassurance and education to the client about this common side effect to alleviate distress and encourage compliance with the medication regimen.
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