Nursing Elites

1. A nurse observes a nursing assistant communicating with a hearing-impaired client in later adulthood. The nurse should intervene if the nursing assistant performs which action?

• A. Uses short sentences
• B. Speaks at a normal rate and volume
• C. Uses facial expressions or gestures
• D. Overarticulates words

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Overarticulates words.' When communicating with a hearing-impaired client who may rely on lip-reading, it is essential to speak clearly at a normal rate and volume. Overarticulating words can distort lip movements, making it harder for the client to understand. Using short sentences helps in conveying information effectively, allowing the client time to process. While facial expressions and gestures provide additional visual cues that aid in communication, overarticulating words can be counterproductive in this scenario. Therefore, the nursing assistant should avoid overarticulating words to ensure clear and concise communication for the client.

2. What is most likely to impact the body image of an infant newly diagnosed with Hemophilia?

• A. immobility
• B. altered growth and development
• C. hemarthrosis
• D. altered family processes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Altered Family Processes play a significant role in impacting the body image of an infant newly diagnosed with Hemophilia. Infants are highly perceptive of their caregivers' responses, and any changes in family dynamics due to the diagnosis can affect the infant's sense of security and trust, influencing their body image and self-perception. Immobility, while a long-term effect of hemophilia, is not an immediate impact on body image. Altered growth and development would not have manifested immediately post-diagnosis. Hemarthrosis, characterized by bleeding into joint spaces, is a hallmark of hemophilia but does not directly influence body image in the immediate aftermath of a new diagnosis.

3. According to Erikson, which developmental task is a toddler confronting when they develop 'a will of his own' and 'acts as if he can control others'?

• A. Trust versus mistrust
• B. Autonomy versus doubt and shame
• C. Initiative versus guilt
• D. Industry versus inferiority

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Erikson, the correct developmental task for a toddler who has developed 'a will of his own' and 'acts as if he can control others' is Autonomy versus doubt and shame. Toddlers at this stage are asserting their wills and realizing they can control others, which is part of developing autonomy. However, they may also experience doubt and shame if their assertiveness is met with disapproval. Trust versus mistrust is the developmental task of the infant, where the main focus is on developing trust in the caregiver. Initiative versus guilt is the developmental task of the preschool-age child, emphasizing the balance between taking initiative and feeling guilty. Industry versus inferiority is the developmental task of the school-age child, focusing on competence and self-esteem.

4. A client states, "I eat a well-balanced diet. I do not smoke. I exercise regularly, and I have a yearly checkup with my physician. What else can I do to help prevent cancer?"? The nurse should respond with which of the following statements?

• A. Sleep at least 6-8 hours per night.
• B. Practice monthly self-breast examinations.
• C. Reduce stress.
• D. All of the above.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: All of the choices are methods of preventing cancer. Sleep is important in maintaining homeostasis, which helps the body respond to disease. Monthly breast examination can indicate cancer or fibrocystic disease. Stress can have a physiological response in the body that decreases the immune response and increases the risk of disease. Therefore, all the options provided are important in cancer prevention, making 'All of the above' the correct answer. Option A is crucial for overall health and immune function, option B aids in early detection, and option C is vital as chronic stress can weaken the immune system.

5. Around what age do children typically start to develop 'stranger anxiety'?

• A. 9 months
• B. 6 months
• C. 3 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is '6 months.' At around this age, children typically start to develop 'stranger anxiety' as they become more aware of unfamiliar faces and may start showing signs of distress or anxiety around strangers. At 3 months, infants are still very young and unlikely to display stranger anxiety. While by 9 or 12 months, children have usually already developed some level of stranger anxiety, it typically starts around 6 months, making it the most appropriate answer in this context.

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