hysterosalpingo contrast sonography is a test used to

HESI RN

Reproductive Health Exam

1. What is the purpose of Hysterosalpingo-contrast Sonography?

A. Check a woman's tubes and is done with an X-ray and dye test called a hysterosalpingogram
B. Detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in urine or whole blood.
C. Diagnose ovarian cancer using MRI technology.
D. Detect cancer cells in the cervix.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hysterosalpingo-contrast Sonography is a test used to check a woman's fallopian tubes with an X-ray and dye test called a hysterosalpingogram. This test is specifically designed to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes and the uterine cavity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the purpose of Hysterosalpingo-contrast Sonography.

2. What is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy?

A. Isthmus
B. Ampulla
C. Interstitial
D. Infundibulum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Interstitial. An ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube. This is because the interstitial part is narrow and not suitable for the growing embryo, leading to implantation outside the uterus. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because although ectopic pregnancies can occur in various locations, the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube is the most frequent site for such pregnancies.

3. What is one role of the hormone estrogen?

A. Stimulates the development of the milk-producing tissue.
B. Stimulates the production of lactoferrin.
C. Stimulates the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
D. Stimulates the secretion of relaxin.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Estrogen stimulates the development of the milk-producing tissue in the breast. This hormone is essential in preparing the breast for milk production. Choice B is incorrect because lactoferrin production is not a primary role of estrogen. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen primarily influences the development of the breast tissue rather than specifically the nipple and duct system. Choice D is incorrect because relaxin secretion is not a function typically associated with estrogen.

4. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Kidney/renal system

A. Kidneys increase in size, pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases.
B. Kidneys decrease in size, and glomerular filtration rate decreases.
C. There is no change in kidney size or ureter function, but the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
D. Kidneys shrink, and ureters remain the same.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the kidneys increase in size, the pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases. This is due to the increased metabolic demands and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as the kidneys do not decrease in size, and the glomerular filtration rate actually increases. Choice C is incorrect as there are changes in kidney size and ureter function during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not shrink during pregnancy.

5. At 16 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

A. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.
B. Darkening of the nipple.
C. Prickling, tingling sensation.
D. Colostrum can be expressed.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 16 weeks of pregnancy, the sensation of prickling and tingling in the breasts is common due to hormonal changes. Montgomery's tubercles becoming prominent is more characteristic of early pregnancy, typically around the first trimester. Darkening of the nipple, known as areola darkening, can occur but is more commonly observed later in pregnancy. The expression of colostrum, the first milk produced by the mammary glands, usually happens closer to the end of pregnancy or after childbirth, not typically at 16 weeks.