Nursing Elites

1. What should the nurse recommend to a woman with mastitis?

• A. Apply heat to the affected area.
• B. Apply cold compresses to the affected area.
• C. Use a breast pump to express milk.
• D. Continue breastfeeding as usual.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should recommend applying heat to the affected area for a woman with mastitis. Heat can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with mastitis by improving blood flow to the area and promoting healing.

2. An infant delivered vaginally by an HIV-positive mother is admitted to the newborn nursery. What intervention should the healthcare provider perform first?

• A. Bathe the infant with an antimicrobial soap.
• B. Measure the head and chest circumference.
• C. Obtain the infant's footprints.
• D. Administer vitamin K (AquaMEPHYTON).

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The initial intervention should be to bathe the infant with an antimicrobial soap to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from maternal fluids. This immediate action helps minimize potential exposure to the virus and promotes infection control practices in the care of infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Choice B, measuring head and chest circumference, is important for assessing growth and development but not the priority in this scenario. Choice C, obtaining footprints, is a routine procedure but not a priority over infection control measures. Choice D, administering vitamin K, is important for clotting factors but does not address the immediate risk of HIV transmission.

3. A mother who is breastfeeding her baby receives instructions from the nurse. Which instruction is most effective to prevent nipple soreness?

• A. Wear a cotton bra.
• B. Increase nursing time gradually.
• C. Correctly place the infant on the breast.
• D. Manually express a small amount of milk before nursing.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most effective instruction to prevent nipple soreness when breastfeeding is to correctly place the infant on the breast. Proper latch-on techniques ensure that the baby is properly positioned, reducing the risk of nipple soreness. When the baby is positioned correctly, they can nurse effectively without causing discomfort to the mother.

4. During a newborn assessment, which symptom would indicate respiratory distress if present in a newborn?

• A. Flaring of the nares.
• B. Shallow and irregular respirations.
• C. Respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute.
• D. Abdominal breathing with synchronous chest movement.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Flaring of the nares is a classic sign of respiratory distress in newborns. It indicates that the newborn is working hard to breathe, and immediate attention should be given to assess and address the respiratory status of the infant.

5. A 3-month-old with myelomeningocele and atonic bladder is catheterized every 4hrs to prevent urinary retention. The home health nurse notes that the child has developed episodes of sneezing, urticarial, watery eyes, and a rash in the diaper area. What action is most important for the nurse to take?

• A. Auscultate the lungs for respiratory pneumonia.
• B. Change to latex-free gloves when handling infant.
• C. Draw blood to analyze for streptococcal infection.
• D. Apply zinc oxide to perineum with each diaper change.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Latex allergy is a concern in patients with myelomeningocele, so switching to latex-free gloves is important.

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