Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's arterial blood gas values. Which of the following conditions apply under the following values? pH- 7.49 Bicarbonate ion 24 mEq/dl PaCO2 - 31 mmHg PaO2 - 52 mmHg FiO2 - 0.22

• A. respiratory acidosis
• B. respiratory alkalosis
• C. metabolic acidosis
• D. metabolic alkalosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The given blood gas values indicate respiratory alkalosis. A high pH and low PaCO2 level are consistent with respiratory alkalosis. In this scenario, no compensation for the alkalosis is noted, ruling out metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Metabolic conditions would usually involve changes in bicarbonate levels, which remain within the normal range in this case.

2. A client delivered a term male infant four hours ago. The infant was stillborn. Which room assignment would be most appropriate for this client?

• A. Request a private room on the GYN floor
• B. Assign her to a private room on the postpartum unit
• C. Discharge her home as soon as her condition is stable
• D. Room her with another client who experienced a pregnancy loss

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this situation, the most appropriate room assignment for the client who delivered a stillborn infant would be to request a private room on the GYN floor. This client needs privacy to grieve, and having a private space allows for family members to offer support. Placing her in a GYN unit ensures that she is away from the maternity unit's sights and sounds, which could be painful reminders for her. Assigning her to a postpartum unit may cause distress due to the presence of other mothers and newborns. Discharging her home too early may not allow her sufficient time for emotional and physical recovery. Rooming her with another client who experienced a pregnancy loss may not provide the necessary privacy and space she needs for her emotional well-being.

3. The client with chronic pancreatitis should be taught how to monitor for which of the following possible additional problems associated with pancreatic disease?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Diabetes
• C. Hypothyroidism
• D. Graves' disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is diabetes. In chronic pancreatitis, the pancreas may become unable to produce sufficient insulin, leading to diabetes. This connection underscores the importance of monitoring blood sugar levels and understanding the signs and symptoms of diabetes in clients with chronic pancreatitis. Choice A, hypertension, is not directly associated with pancreatic disease but rather with cardiovascular health. Choice C, hypothyroidism, and Choice D, Graves' disease, are unrelated to pancreatic disease and are endocrine disorders affecting the thyroid gland.

4. Which type of cells secrete insulin?

• A. alpha cells
• B. beta cells
• C. CD4 cells
• D. helper cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Beta cells are responsible for secreting insulin. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, not insulin (Choice A). CD4 cells are a type of immune cell that helps coordinate the immune response (Choice C). Helper cells are a type of immune cell that aids in activating other immune cells (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is beta cells.

5. A nurse is working in a pediatric clinic, and a 25-year-old mother comes in with a 4-week-old baby. The mother is stressed out about the loss of sleep, and the baby exhibits signs of colic. Which of the following techniques should the nurse teach the mother?

• A. Distraction of the infant with a red object
• B. Prone positioning techniques
• C. Tapping reflex techniques
• D. Neural warmth techniques

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Neural warmth techniques involve the caregiver providing a warm, soothing touch to the baby, which can help to lower the baby's agitation level and promote relaxation. This technique is beneficial for calming colicky babies. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because distraction with a red object, prone positioning, and tapping reflex techniques are not effective methods for managing colic in infants. Red object distraction is not a proven technique for soothing colicky babies. Prone positioning is not recommended for infants due to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Tapping reflex techniques are not recognized as effective interventions for colic.

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