when discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs the nurse should include which piece of information

NCLEX-PN

Nclex Practice Questions 2024

1. When discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs, which piece of information should the nurse include?

A. Lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use are greater in men than in women.
B. Caucasians report higher levels of alcohol use than African Americans or Hispanics.
C. Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age.
D. Heavy use is more common in lower socioeconomic groups due to affordability.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is that overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age. Recent research indicates that alcohol and illicit drug use tends to rise into the mid-20s and then decline with age. Choices A and B are incorrect because lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use are greater in men than in women, and Caucasians do not report higher levels of alcohol use compared to African Americans or Hispanics. Choice D is incorrect because heavy use is more common in lower socioeconomic groups due to factors like stress, coping mechanisms, and availability, not just affordability.

2. Which of the following statements is correct regarding rape?

A. Most rapes go unreported.
B. Legally, a woman can be raped by her spouse.
C. Prosecuting and convicting for rape can be challenging.
D. Rape can occur in different locations.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that legally, a woman can be raped by her spouse. Rape is defined as sexual intercourse against someone's will, and it can occur between any two persons regardless of their relationship, including spouses. Choice A is incorrect as most rapes are not reported due to various reasons like fear, shame, or distrust in the legal system. Choice C is incorrect as prosecuting and convicting for rape can be challenging due to factors like lack of evidence, societal biases, and victim blaming. Choice D is incorrect as the most common location of rape is not necessarily the victim's own home; it can happen in various settings such as public places, workplaces, or social gatherings.

3. The nurse is caring for a dying client who has persistently requested that the nurse 'help her to die and be in peace.' According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses, the nurse should:

A. Ask the client if she has signed an advance directives document.
B. Tell the client that another nurse will be assigned to care for her.
C. Instruct the client that only a physician can legally assist in suicide.
D. Try to make the client as comfortable as possible, but refuse to assist in death.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses, the nurse should try to make the client as comfortable as possible but refuse to assist in death. It is not within the scope of nursing practice to assist in death, even if requested by the client. Choice A is incorrect as advance directives do not directly relate to the client's request for assistance in dying. Choice B is inappropriate as passing the responsibility to another nurse does not address the ethical dilemma at hand. Choice C is incorrect because instructing the client that only a physician can legally assist in suicide does not address the ethical considerations involved in the request. Therefore, the most appropriate action for the nurse is to provide comfort measures while upholding ethical standards and not participating in ending the client's life.

4. During the work phase of the nurse-client relationship, the client says to her primary nurse, "You think that I could walk if I wanted to, don't you?"? What is the best response by the nurse?

A. "Yes, if you really wanted to, you could."?
B. "Tell me why you're concerned about what I think."?
C. "Do you think you could walk if you wanted to?"?
D. "I think you're unable to walk now, whatever the cause."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: This response answers the question honestly and nonjudgmentally and helps to preserve the client's self-esteem. The nurse acknowledges the client's current inability to walk without attributing it to the client's desire. Choice A provides a positive but unrealistic statement that may diminish the client's self-esteem by implying a lack of effort. Choice B deflects the client's question and does not address the underlying concern. Choice C may increase the client's anxiety by suggesting unresolved psychological conflicts related to walking.

5. Narrow therapeutic index medications:

A. are drug formulations with limited pharmacokinetic variability.
B. have limited value and require no monitoring of blood levels.
C. have less than a twofold difference in minimum toxic levels and minimum effective concentration in the blood
D. have limited potency and side effects.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The therapeutic index is the ratio between the median lethal dose and median effective dose of a drug, indicating the safety margin. Narrow therapeutic index medications have a small difference between minimum toxic levels and minimum effective concentration in the blood, making them high-risk drugs that require close monitoring to avoid toxicity. Choice A is incorrect because pharmacokinetics refer to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, not the therapeutic index. Choice B is incorrect because narrow therapeutic index drugs necessitate monitoring due to their narrow margin of safety. Choice D is incorrect because narrow therapeutic index drugs do not necessarily have limited potency but are characterized by a small window between efficacy and toxicity.