Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?

• A. The placenta secretes insulin.
• B. The placenta facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients between mother and fetus.
• C. The placenta provides immunological protection to the fetus.
• D. The placenta stores fat-soluble vitamins for the fetus.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The placenta serves as a crucial organ during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) between the mother and the developing fetus. This exchange is vital for the fetus's growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The placenta does not secrete insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas. While the placenta provides some immune support to the fetus, its main role is not immunological protection. Additionally, storing fat-soluble vitamins is not a primary function of the placenta.

2. What is a cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta known as?

• A. Battledore insertion
• B. Placenta velamentosa
• C. Placenta accreta
• D. Vasa Praevia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta is known as battledore insertion. This occurs when the cord is attached to the fetal membranes at the placental margin rather than directly to the placental tissue. Placenta velamentosa refers to the condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes before it reaches the placenta. Placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Vasa Praevia is a condition where fetal blood vessels run across or near the internal cervical opening.

3. The Gravindex test is used to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in:

• A. Urine or whole blood
• B. Amniotic fluid
• C. Saliva
• D. Cervical mucus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urine or whole blood. The Gravindex test is designed to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in urine or whole blood samples. HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy, and its presence in urine or blood can indicate pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the Gravindex test is not intended to detect HCG in amniotic fluid, saliva, or cervical mucus. These bodily fluids are not typically used for pregnancy testing purposes.

4. What is the role of the prolactin hormone?

• A. Stimulates the development of milk-producing tissue.
• B. Stimulates milk storage.
• C. Stimulates milk production.
• D. Stimulates milk ejection.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Stimulates milk production.' Prolactin hormone is responsible for promoting the production of milk in the mammary glands. This hormone does not directly stimulate the development of milk-producing tissue (Choice A), milk storage (Choice B), or milk ejection (Choice D). While these functions are related to lactation, the primary role of prolactin is to facilitate milk production.

5. The endometrial tissue of the cervix is arranged in folds known as:

• A. Racemose glands
• B. Rugae
• C. Arbor vitae
• D. Peritoneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The endometrial tissue of the cervix is arranged in folds known as rugae, not Arbor vitae. Rugae are commonly found in anatomical structures like the stomach and bladder to allow expansion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Racemose glands refer to branched compound glands, Arbor vitae is the tree-like appearance of the cerebellum, and Peritoneum is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

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