Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following provides support and shape to the cell?

• A. Microtubules
• B. Microfilaments
• C. Cilia
• D. Microvilli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Microtubules are fundamental components of the cytoskeleton in a cell, playing a crucial role in providing structural support and maintaining the cell's shape. They are composed of tubulin protein subunits and are involved in various cellular processes like cell division, intracellular transport, and cell motility. Microfilaments, on the other hand, are involved in cell movement and maintaining cell shape but are not primarily responsible for supporting the cell's overall structure. Cilia and microvilli are cellular projections that aid in movement and absorption, respectively, but they do not play a significant role in providing structural support to the cell.

2. Which of the following options correctly lists biology's hierarchical organizational system?

• A. Phylum, Kingdom, Class, Family, Order, Species, Genus
• B. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
• C. Genus, Order, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Species, Family
• D. Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Order, Family, Species

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct hierarchical organizational system in biology is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This follows the mnemonic 'King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup.' Choice A is incorrect as it does not follow the correct hierarchical order. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Genus, which is more specific and should come after Family. Choice D is incorrect as it does not follow the correct hierarchical order.

3. Which of the following is not true of mitosis?

• A. Mitosis produces daughter cells
• B. Mitosis has five main stages
• C. Mitosis can only be done by haploids
• D. Following mitosis, daughter cells are identical to parent cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mitosis occurs in diploid cells and involves stages that result in the production of two identical daughter cells. Haploids do not undergo mitosis, as mitosis is a process specific to diploid cells. Choice A is true as mitosis does produce daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect as mitosis typically consists of four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Choice D is true, as one of the main outcomes of mitosis is the production of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

4. The cellular membrane contributes to all except which of the following?

• A. Cell energy production
• B. Cell permeability
• C. Cell communication
• D. Cell protection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cellular membrane is involved in regulating cell permeability, communication, and protection. However, it is not directly involved in energy production. Choice A is the correct answer because the cellular membrane does not produce energy; instead, it regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the cell membrane plays key roles in controlling what enters and exits the cell, facilitating communication between cells, and providing structural support and protection to the cell.

5. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• A. RNA has an extra Phosphate group
• B. DNA has one less oxygen than RNA
• C. RNA has one less oxygen than DNA
• D. DNA has an extra sugar molecule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. DNA has one less oxygen atom in its sugar molecule (deoxyribose) compared to RNA, which has a ribose sugar. Choice A is incorrect because RNA does not have an extra phosphate group. Choice C is incorrect as RNA actually has one more oxygen atom than DNA. Choice D is incorrect as DNA and RNA have different sugar molecules, with DNA having deoxyribose and RNA having ribose.

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