Nursing Elites

1. What pathophysiological events occur sequentially in the development of atherosclerosis?

• A. Foam cells release growth factors.
• B. Smooth muscle grows over fatty streaks creating fibrous plaques.
• C. Macrophages consume low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and create foam cells.
• D. Arterial endothelium injury causes inflammation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct sequence of pathophysiological events in the development of atherosclerosis starts with arterial endothelium injury causing inflammation. This inflammation triggers the formation of foam cells by macrophages consuming low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Subsequently, smooth muscle grows over fatty streaks, creating fibrous plaques. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not reflect the accurate chronological order of events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

2. What information should the nurse include in the client's health record after a fall in the bathroom?

• A. Client fell while trying to go to the bathroom
• B. The UAP left the client alone and a fall occurred
• C. The client was found on the floor with no pulse
• D. The client fell, sustaining a fracture to the left hip

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse should document factual, objective information such as the injury sustained by the client. Reporting the specific injury, like a fracture to the left hip, is crucial for accurate medical records. Choices A, B, and C lack specific detail about the injury and focus on different aspects of the fall that are not as pertinent for the health record. Choice A only mentions the fall without specifying the injury, choice B introduces blame without focusing on the client's condition, and choice C adds unnecessary information about the client's pulse which is not directly related to the fall injury.

3. A client is admitted for first and second-degree burns on the face, neck, anterior chest, and hands. The nurse's priority should be

• A. Cover the areas with dry sterile dressings
• B. Assess for dyspnea or stridor
• C. Initiate intravenous therapy
• D. Administer pain medication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assessing for dyspnea or stridor is crucial as these are signs of airway compromise, which is a priority concern in burns involving the face. Burns on the face can lead to airway swelling or compromise due to airway proximity, making respiratory assessment the top priority. Covering the areas with dry sterile dressings, initiating intravenous therapy, and administering pain medication are important interventions but assessing for airway issues takes precedence in this situation.

4. A client with cirrhosis is receiving spironolactone. What electrolyte level should the nurse monitor closely?

• A. Monitor potassium levels.
• B. Monitor sodium levels.
• C. Monitor calcium levels.
• D. Monitor magnesium levels.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor potassium levels. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which means it helps the body retain potassium and excrete sodium. Monitoring potassium levels closely is essential because spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels). Sodium levels are not typically affected by spironolactone. Calcium and magnesium levels are also not directly impacted by spironolactone, making choices B, C, and D incorrect.

5. The nurse has received funding to design a health promotion project for African American women who are at risk for developing breast cancer. Which resource is most important in designing this program?

• A. Participation of community leaders in planning the program
• B. Latest research on breast cancer risk factors
• C. Partnership with local healthcare providers
• D. Health surveys of African American women in the community

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most important resource in designing a health promotion project for African American women at risk for breast cancer is the participation of community leaders in planning the program. Involving community leaders helps ensure that the program is culturally relevant, addresses the specific needs of the target population, and fosters trust and engagement. While the latest research on breast cancer risk factors, partnership with local healthcare providers, and health surveys of African American women are valuable resources, they are not as crucial as community involvement for tailoring the program effectively.

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