Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

• A. The corpus luteum produces estrogen to maintain the endometrium.
• B. The corpus luteum produces progesterone to maintain the endometrium.
• C. The corpus luteum produces testosterone to inhibit ovulation.
• D. The corpus luteum has no significant role during the menstrual cycle.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The corpus luteum produces progesterone to maintain the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. This hormone helps prepare the uterine lining for implantation in case fertilization occurs. Choice A is incorrect because estrogen is mainly produced by the developing follicles in the ovaries. Choice C is incorrect as testosterone is produced in smaller amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands but does not play a significant role in maintaining the endometrium. Choice D is incorrect as the corpus luteum plays a crucial role in producing progesterone to support the endometrium.

2. Outlet of the true pelvis anteriorly bounded by:

• A. Ischiopubic arch (T)
• B. Linea terminalis (F)
• C. Coccyx (T)
• D. Promontory of the sacrum (F)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ischiopubic arch. The outlet of the true pelvis is indeed anteriorly bounded by the ischiopubic arch, which consists of the ischium and the pubic bones. This structure forms the lower boundary of the pelvic outlet. The other choices, B, C, and D, are incorrect. The linea terminalis (pelvic brim) forms the upper boundary of the true pelvis, the coccyx is part of the bony pelvis but does not bound the pelvic outlet anteriorly, and the promontory of the sacrum is located in the posterior part of the pelvis, not the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet.

3. What is the purpose of hysteroscopy?

• A. View the uterine cavity
• B. Perform a D&C procedure
• C. Remove the fetus
• D. Visualize the fallopian tubes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hysteroscopy is a procedure where a very narrow endoscope is inserted through the cervix to view the uterine cavity. This allows healthcare providers to diagnose and treat various uterine conditions such as polyps, fibroids, and adhesions. Choice B, performing a D&C procedure, involves dilating the cervix and scraping the uterine lining, which is a different procedure. Choice C, removing the fetus, is not the purpose of hysteroscopy and is a procedure done in specific circumstances such as pregnancy termination or miscarriage management. Choice D, visualizing the fallopian tubes, is typically done through a procedure called a hysterosalpingogram, which is different from hysteroscopy.

4. At 34-40 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Nipples become prominent and mobile.
• B. Colostrum can be expressed.
• C. Breasts become tender.
• D. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the 34-40 weeks of pregnancy, Montgomery's tubercles become prominent. These are sebaceous glands on the areola, not the nipples. Choice A is incorrect as it describes the changes in nipples, not Montgomery's tubercles. Choice B is incorrect as colostrum production usually starts around the 16th week. Choice C is incorrect as breast tenderness is more common in early pregnancy due to hormonal changes.

5. During the menstrual cycle, which hormone maintains the corpus luteum?

• A. Luteinizing hormone
• B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
• C. Progesterone
• D. Relaxin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone maintains the corpus luteum. The correct answer is A. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Choice B, Follicle-stimulating hormone, is involved in stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is produced by the corpus luteum and plays a role in preparing the endometrium for implantation. Choice D, Relaxin, is involved in processes such as softening the cervix and ligaments during pregnancy, but it is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.

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