Nursing Elites

1. Total Fertility Rate is at 6.2 births per woman in Zambia. This implies that:

• A. Zambian women will give birth to 6.2 children on average during their childbearing years.
• B. 6.2% of the time she will be pregnant during her childbearing years.
• C. 6.2% of her deliveries will not be successful.
• D. 6.2% of women will require medical intervention to become pregnant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A Total Fertility Rate of 6.2 means that a woman will give birth to an average of 6.2 children during her childbearing years. The correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the concept of Total Fertility Rate. Choice B is incorrect as it misinterprets the concept by equating it to a percentage of time being pregnant. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the Total Fertility Rate but rather to the success rate of deliveries. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces the idea of medical intervention, which is not directly related to the Total Fertility Rate.

2. During fertilization, the portion of the decidua covering the blastocyst is called:

• A. Decidua basalis
• B. Decidua Vera
• C. Decidua parietalis
• D. Decidua capsularis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During fertilization, the decidua capsularis is the specific portion of the decidua that covers the blastocyst, providing protection and support. Decidua basalis refers to the part of the decidua located at the site of implantation on the maternal side. Decidua vera is the remainder of the decidua lining the uterus. Decidua parietalis is the portion of the decidua that lines the rest of the uterine cavity, except for the site of implantation. Therefore, in the context of fertilization, the decidua capsularis is the correct answer.

3. The products of conception are retained in which of the following?

• A. Complete abortions
• B. Incomplete abortions
• C. Threatened abortion
• D. Mixed abortion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In incomplete abortions, the products of conception are retained. In a complete abortion, all the products of conception are expelled from the uterus. Threatened abortion refers to a situation where there is vaginal bleeding but the cervix remains closed, and it does not necessarily involve retention of products of conception. Mixed abortion is not a recognized medical term related to retained products of conception.

4. Complete abortion is characterized by:

• A. Os closed.
• B. Firm contracted uterus.
• C. Heavy bleeding.
• D. Heavy cramping.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Complete abortion is characterized by a firm contracted uterus with a closed os. This closure of the os indicates that the products of conception have been completely expelled from the uterus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a firm contracted uterus with a closed os is the hallmark sign of a complete abortion, not heavy bleeding, heavy cramping, or any other features.

5. When does threatened abortion occur?

• A. The patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix.
• B. The patient experiences heavy bleeding and cervical dilation.
• C. The patient experiences severe cramping and heavy bleeding.
• D. The patient experiences painless bleeding and an open cervix.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Threatened abortion occurs when the patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix. This is characterized by bleeding without cervical dilation, distinguishing it from inevitable abortion (heavy bleeding and cervical dilation), incomplete abortion (severe cramping and heavy bleeding), and missed abortion (painless bleeding and an open cervix).

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