Nursing Elites

1. The Gravindex test is used to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in:

• A. Urine or whole blood
• B. Amniotic fluid
• C. Saliva
• D. Cervical mucus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urine or whole blood. The Gravindex test is designed to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in urine or whole blood samples. HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy, and its presence in urine or blood can indicate pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the Gravindex test is not intended to detect HCG in amniotic fluid, saliva, or cervical mucus. These bodily fluids are not typically used for pregnancy testing purposes.

2. What phase corresponds with the luteal phase?

• A. Menstrual phase
• B. Follicular phase
• C. Secretory phase
• D. Menstrual phase

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The luteal phase corresponds with the secretory phase. During the menstrual cycle, the luteal phase follows ovulation and is characterized by the development of the corpus luteum, secreting progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a potential pregnancy. The other choices, menstrual phase (A), follicular phase (B), and the repeated choice of menstrual phase (D) do not align with the luteal phase and its functions.

3. Where does the ovum receive the sperm?

• A. Animal pole
• B. Vegetal pole
• C. Zona pellucida
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Zona pellucida.' The ovum receives the sperm at the zona pellucida, which is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte. This layer plays a crucial role in preventing polyspermy. Choices A and B, 'Animal pole' and 'Vegetal pole,' are incorrect as they refer to different regions of the egg and are not where the sperm fertilizes the ovum. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as the sperm indeed interacts with the zona pellucida during fertilization.

4. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle rupture?

• A. Regenerative
• B. Menstruation
• C. Ovulation
• D. Proliferative

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ovulation. The Graafian follicle ruptures during the ovulation phase, releasing the mature egg from the ovary. This process marks the midpoint of the menstrual cycle. Choice A, Regenerative, is incorrect as it does not correspond to a specific phase of the menstrual cycle. Choice B, Menstruation, is incorrect because menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining and occurs after ovulation if fertilization does not occur. Choice D, Proliferative, is incorrect as it refers to the phase in which the uterine lining thickens in preparation for a potential embryo implantation, which happens after ovulation.

5. Basal body temperature rise of _____ is seen in the luteal phase due to the thermogenic effects of a metabolite of progesterone in a normal cycle:

• A. 0.1-0.5
• B. 0.2-0.5
• C. 1.0-2.0
• D. 1.5-2.0

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A basal body temperature rise of 0.2-0.5 degrees Celsius is typically seen in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle due to the thermogenic effects of a metabolite of progesterone. This temperature rise helps to indicate ovulation has occurred. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the usual range of temperature increase observed during the luteal phase. A rise of 0.1-0.5 degrees Celsius is too narrow (eliminating choice A), while ranges of 1.0-2.0 and 1.5-2.0 degrees Celsius are too high and not consistent with the expected basal body temperature changes during the menstrual cycle.

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