Nursing Elites

1. During the counseling session, you can also use the acronym, CLEAR. The letter E stands for:

• A. Encourage and assure the client of effective use of the method
• B. Explain how to use the method
• C. Tell the client about modern FP methods available, and discuss each in detail
• D. Explain all possible complications

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Explain how to use the method.' In the acronym CLEAR, the letter E specifically refers to explaining how to use the method, emphasizing the importance of providing clear instructions and guidance to the client. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent what the letter E stands for in the given context. Encouraging and assuring the client, discussing modern FP methods in detail, and explaining possible complications are important aspects of counseling but do not align with the specific focus of 'Explain how to use the method,' as indicated by the acronym.

2. A diet rich in _______ controls menopause symptoms:

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Soya items
• C. Fruits and veggies
• D. Eggs and meat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A diet rich in soya items can help control menopause symptoms. Soya contains phytoestrogens, which are plant-based compounds that mimic the hormone estrogen in the body. These compounds may help alleviate menopause symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Choice A, Carbohydrates, do not specifically target menopause symptoms. Choice C, Fruits and veggies, while generally healthy, do not have the same impact on menopause symptoms as soya. Choice D, Eggs and meat, do not contain phytoestrogens like soya, making them less effective in managing menopause symptoms.

3. The patient about to undergo gynecological surgery is put on nil by mouth for ____ before surgery to prevent aspiration.

• A. 2-4 hours
• B. 3-5 hours
• C. 4-6 hours
• D. 5-7 hours

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Patients undergoing gynecological surgery are typically advised to be nil by mouth for 4-6 hours before the procedure to reduce the risk of aspiration. This duration allows the stomach to empty its contents, decreasing the likelihood of regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents during surgery. Choices A, B, and D have shorter durations and may not provide sufficient time for adequate gastric emptying, increasing the risk of aspiration.

4. How do contraceptive oral pills help in birth control?

• A. Preventing ovulation
• B. Killing ova
• C. Killing sperms
• D. More than one of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Contraceptive oral pills primarily work by preventing ovulation, which means Choice A is correct. Choices B and C are incorrect because oral contraceptive pills do not kill ova or sperms. Choice D is incorrect because only preventing ovulation is the primary mechanism of action for oral contraceptive pills.

5. Which of the following hormone ratios is MOST likely to be increased in a patient with PCOS?

• A. Progesterone/estrogen
• B. LH/FSH
• C. FSH/LH
• D. Glucagon/insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the LH/FSH ratio is most likely to be increased. This hormonal imbalance is a key characteristic of PCOS, where elevated LH levels relative to FSH contribute to the pathophysiology of the condition. Choice A, progesterone/estrogen ratio, is not typically a defining feature of PCOS. Choice C, FSH/LH ratio, is the reverse of what is commonly observed in PCOS. Choice D, glucagon/insulin ratio, is not directly related to the hormonal imbalances seen in PCOS.

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