Nursing Elites

1. Your patient who had AIDS/HIV has just died. Should you still use standard precautions as you provide post-mortem care?

• A. Yes, because the virus is still transmissible
• B. Yes, because respect must still be maintained
• C. No, because the virus is no longer transmissible
• D. No, because it is disrespectful

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Yes, you should still use standard precautions even after an HIV/AIDS patient has died. The virus can remain infectious after death, and healthcare workers need to protect themselves from potential exposure. Choice B is incorrect because while respect is important, the primary reason for using standard precautions is to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Choice C is incorrect as the virus can still be transmissible even after the patient's death. Choice D is incorrect as using standard precautions is a matter of infection control, not a question of respect.

2. During a heritage assessment, which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?

• A. "Do you smoke?"?
• B. "What is your religion?"?
• C. "Do you have a history of heart disease?"?
• D. "How many years have you lived in the United States?"?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During a heritage assessment, it is crucial for the nurse to ask questions related to a person's country of ancestry, years in the United States, cultural practices, beliefs, and values. By asking about the number of years lived in the United States, the nurse can gain insights into the individual's cultural background and heritage. Options B, C, and A are not directly related to assessing heritage. Asking about religion only addresses one aspect of heritage, while smoking history and health history do not provide a comprehensive view of a person's heritage.

3. Which of the following safety precautions should the nurse discuss when working with an immunocompromised client?

• A. Avoid canned foods and increase consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables
• B. Hand-wash utensils after use and allow them to air dry
• C. Only drink tap water that has been filtered or boiled before consumption
• D. Never eat meals prepared in restaurants

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to only drink tap water that has been filtered or boiled before consumption. Immunocompromised clients are susceptible to infections, so it is essential to take precautions to prevent exposure to harmful pathogens. Drinking tap water that has been filtered or boiled helps eliminate potential pathogens that could be harmful to the client's health. Choices A, B, and D do not directly address the issue of avoiding potential pathogens that could compromise the health of an immunocompromised client. Thus, they are incorrect. Hand-washing utensils, avoiding canned foods, and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption are good general hygiene practices but may not specifically address the needs of an immunocompromised client.

4. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind regarding the use of side rails for a confused patient?

• A. A person of small stature is at increased risk for injury from entrapment.
• B. A history of a previous fall from a bed with raised side rails is significant.
• C. The desire to prevent a patient from wandering is not sufficient reason for the use of side rails.
• D. Creative use of alternative measures indicates respect for the patient's dignity.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When considering the use of side rails for a confused patient, it is crucial for the nurse to understand that individuals of small stature are at a higher risk for injury from entrapment. Studies have shown that people of small stature are more likely to slip through or between the side rails, making them vulnerable to harm. It is essential to prioritize patient safety and avoid potential risks associated with entrapment. Conversely, a history of previous falls from a bed with raised side rails is significant as it indicates a heightened risk for future serious incidents. The desire to prevent a patient from wandering alone does not justify the use of side rails; instead, alternative measures should be creatively employed to respect the patient's dignity and avoid more serious fall-related injuries.

5. When caring for children with a different cultural perspective, what challenge may the nurse recognize?

• A. Children have spiritual needs that are influenced by their stages of development
• B. Children have spiritual needs that are direct reflections of what is occurring in their homes
• C. Religious beliefs rarely affect the parents' perceptions of the illness
• D. Parents are often the decision-makers, and they have no knowledge of their children's spiritual needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When caring for children with different cultural perspectives, nurses should acknowledge that children have spiritual needs that are influenced by their stages of development. This understanding is crucial as children, like adults, have varying spiritual needs based on their age and the religious environment within their family. Recognizing and addressing these spiritual needs is essential for providing holistic care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the influence of children's developmental stages on their spiritual needs and the importance of considering these needs in their care.

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