Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA structure?

• A. Adenine
• B. Guanine
• C. Uracil
• D. Thymine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uracil. Uracil is found in RNA, not DNA. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Choice A, Adenine, is a nitrogenous base in DNA. Choice B, Guanine, is another nitrogenous base in DNA. Choice D, Thymine, is also one of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is Uracil (Choice C).

2. What must first occur before a cell can be divided to grow, develop, and reproduce organisms?

• A. RNA replication
• B. DNA replication
• C. Gene replication
• D. Chromosome replication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: DNA replication. Before a cell can divide to grow, develop, and reproduce organisms, DNA replication must occur. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic information. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while RNA, genes, and chromosomes are essential components of cell division, DNA replication is the specific process that must first occur to ensure accurate transmission of genetic material.

3. Which of the following best describes phenotype?

• A. The hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual
• B. The genetic makeup of an individual organism
• C. The entire complex of genes inherited from both parents
• D. All the observable characteristics of an organism

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'All the observable characteristics of an organism.' Phenotype refers to all the observable characteristics of an organism, such as physical appearance, behavior, and other traits, which result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Choice A is incorrect because it describes genotype. Choice B is incorrect as it defines genotype, not phenotype. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the genotype, the genetic information inherited from both parents, rather than the observable traits.

4. A water molecule contains two types of atoms that are covalently bonded. Which of the following makes up a water molecule?

• A. One hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom
• B. One hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms
• C. Two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms
• D. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. This forms a stable structure known as H2O. Choice A is incorrect as water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct composition of a water molecule.

5. Which of the following serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the nucleus. The nucleus is indeed the information processing and administrative center of the cell as it contains the genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling cellular activities. The Golgi apparatus (Choice A) is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the cytoplasm (Choice B) is the fluid that fills the cell and provides a medium for organelles to be suspended, and lysosomes (Choice D) are responsible for digesting waste materials and foreign invaders. Therefore, the nucleus is the most appropriate choice for the given function.

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