Nursing Elites

1. When reviewing the demographics of ethnic groups in the United States, which group does the nurse recall as the largest and fastest-growing population?

• A. Asian
• B. Hispanic
• C. American Indian
• D. African American/Black

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Hispanic.' Hispanics are the largest and fastest-growing population in the United States. While African Americans/Blacks, Asians, American Indians, and other groups are significant, Hispanics currently represent the largest demographic group. African American/Black, Asian, and American Indian populations are substantial but not as large or fast-growing as the Hispanic population. Therefore, Hispanic is the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

2. When percussing over the lungs of a 4-year-old child, the nurse hears bilateral loud, long, and low tones. How should the nurse proceed?

• A. Palpate over the area for increased pain and tenderness.
• B. Ask the child to take shallow breaths and percuss over the area again.
• C. Refer the child to a specialist because of an increased amount of air in the lungs.
• D. Consider this finding as normal for a child this age and proceed with the examination.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric patients, loud, long, and low tones heard when percussing over the lungs are normal findings. These percussion notes are characteristic of a child's lung due to its thin chest wall and increased air content. It is unnecessary to palpate for pain and tenderness, ask the child to take shallow breaths and repeat the percussion, or refer the child to a specialist. Therefore, the correct action is to consider these findings as normal for the child's age and continue with the examination.

3. Which acronym would BEST describe the procedure for assessing a patient that appears unconscious?

• A. WBC
• B. QRS
• C. XYZ
• D. ABC

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'ABC.' The ABC method stands for Airway, Breathing, Circulation. When encountering an unconscious patient, it is crucial to first ensure their Airway is clear by performing the 'head tilt, chin lift' maneuver. Next, assess Breathing by observing for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow. Finally, check for Circulation by assessing for a pulse. Choices A, B, and C ('WBC,' 'QRS,' 'XYZ') are incorrect as they do not represent the standard approach to assessing an unconscious patient.

4. What technique would the nurse use to accurately assess a rectal temperature in an adult?

• A. Use a lubricated blunt tip thermometer.
• B. Insert the thermometer 2 to 3 inches into the rectum.
• C. Leave the thermometer in place for up to 8 minutes if the patient is febrile.
• D. Wait 2 to 3 minutes if the patient has recently smoked a cigarette.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To accurately assess a rectal temperature in an adult, a nurse should use a lubricated rectal thermometer with a short, blunt tip. The thermometer is inserted only 2 to 3 cm (1 inch) into the rectum and left in place for 2 minutes. Choice B is incorrect as inserting the thermometer 2 to 3 inches would be too deep and inaccurate. Choice C is incorrect as leaving the thermometer in place for up to 8 minutes is unnecessary and can cause discomfort. Choice D is incorrect as smoking a cigarette does not impact rectal temperatures.

5. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable abbreviation?

• A. D/C
• B. tid
• C. bid
• D. qid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: D/C. D/C is not an acceptable abbreviation as it can be easily confused with both 'discharge' and 'discontinue.' The abbreviations 'tid' (three times a day), 'bid' (twice a day), and 'qid' (four times a day) are commonly used in medical contexts to indicate dosing frequencies and are widely accepted in healthcare settings.

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