Nursing Elites

1. During a class on religion and spirituality, the nurse is asked to define spirituality. Which statement by the nurse best describes spirituality?

• A. "Is a personal search to discover a supreme being."?
• B. "Is an organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe."?
• C. "Is a belief that each person exists forever in some form, such as a belief in reincarnation or the afterlife."?
• D. "Focuses on a connection with something bigger than oneself and a belief in transcendence."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Spirituality is a broad term that focuses on a connection with something greater than oneself and a belief in transcendence. It is a personal journey that arises from unique life experiences and the individual's quest to find purpose and meaning in life. The correct answer emphasizes the essence of spirituality, which involves seeking a connection with a higher power and believing in transcendence. Choices A, B, and C, on the other hand, define aspects of religion rather than spirituality. Choice A refers to a personal search for a supreme being, which is more aligned with religious beliefs. Choice B describes an organized system of beliefs about the universe, typically associated with religion. Choice C pertains to beliefs about existence after death, such as reincarnation or the afterlife, which are often religious concepts. Therefore, the best description of spirituality is focusing on a connection with something beyond oneself and a belief in transcendence.

2. Patients who cannot move in their bed on their own should be turned at least ________________.

• A. once a day
• B. twice a day
• C. every 2 hours
• D. every 4 hours

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Patients who are unable to move in bed are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers and skin breakdown due to prolonged pressure on specific body areas. Turning these patients at least every 2 hours is crucial to relieve pressure, improve circulation, and prevent skin damage. More frequent turning may be necessary for patients with specific needs, such as those who are incontinent of urine and require additional care. Turning patients less frequently, such as once a day, twice a day, or every 4 hours, increases the risk of developing pressure ulcers and other complications. Therefore, the correct answer is to turn patients who cannot move in their bed on their own every 2 hours.

3. A client is preparing to irrigate a colostomy. Which of the following situations is a contraindication for this type of irrigation?

• A. The client has an incontinent ostomy
• B. The client has an irregular bowel routine
• C. The client has diverticulitis
• D. The colostomy bag contains fecal material

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a client with a colostomy is preparing for irrigation, it is essential to consider contraindications that could pose risks or worsen the client's condition. Diverticulitis is a contraindication for colostomy irrigation because the inflamed diverticula could be further irritated by the flushing action during irrigation, potentially leading to complications. An incontinent ostomy, irregular bowel routine, or presence of fecal material in the colostomy bag are not specific contraindications for irrigation and can be managed through appropriate techniques and interventions.

4. What is the purpose of MSDS sheets?

• A. Contain the ordering information for each piece of equipment in the office.
• B. Are required by OSHA to be accessible to all employees of the office.
• C. Can be used to treat patients who have been injured in equipment accidents.
• D. None of the above.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: MSDS sheets, also known as Materials Safety Data Sheets, are essential documents that provide detailed information about chemicals used in the workplace. They are required by OSHA to be easily accessible to all employees to ensure they have the necessary information to handle chemicals safely. MSDS sheets do not contain ordering information for equipment in the office (Choice A) or serve as a treatment guide for injured patients (Choice C). Therefore, the correct answer is that MSDS sheets are required by OSHA to be accessible to all employees of the office.

5. Which of the following diseases would require the nurse to wear an N95 respirator as part of personal protective equipment?

• A. Human immunodeficiency virus
• B. Clostridium difficile enterocolitis
• C. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
• D. Measles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Infections that require airborne precautions necessitate the use of an N95 respirator, a type of mask that filters particles that are 5 micrograms or smaller. Illnesses that require airborne precautions include Measles, Varicella, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and tuberculosis. Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by a virus. It can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Wearing an N95 respirator helps prevent the nurse from inhaling these infectious particles. Human immunodeficiency virus, Clostridium difficile enterocolitis, and Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus do not require the use of an N95 respirator as they are not transmitted through the air but have other modes of transmission.

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