Nursing Elites

1. What is the most common symptom in all clinical types of abortion EXCEPT:

• A. Lower abdominal pain
• B. Per vaginal bleeding
• C. Show
• D. Backache

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. 'Show' is not a common symptom in all types of abortion. Lower abdominal pain, per vaginal bleeding, and backache are common symptoms associated with abortion. Lower abdominal pain may result from uterine contractions, per vaginal bleeding is a typical presentation, and backache can be a symptom due to the process of abortion. 'Show' refers to the mucus plug that blocks the cervix during pregnancy and is not a typical symptom of abortion.

2. Which of the following hormones promotes endometrial growth?

• A. LH
• B. FSH
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen is the hormone responsible for promoting endometrial growth. Estrogen helps thicken the endometrium during the menstrual cycle in preparation for implantation. LH (Choice A) and FSH (Choice B) are involved in regulating the menstrual cycle but do not directly promote endometrial growth. Progesterone (Choice D) is important for maintaining the endometrium after ovulation but is not the primary hormone responsible for promoting its growth.

3. The endometrium is shed up to the basal layer during this phase of the menstrual cycle:

• A. Ovulation
• B. Regenerative
• C. Secretory
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. During the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is shed up to the basal layer. This shedding occurs as a result of decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, leading to the breakdown and subsequent shedding of the endometrial lining. Choice A, ovulation, is incorrect as ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, which occurs during the mid-cycle. Choice B, regenerative, is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to the phase where the shedding of the endometrium occurs. Choice C, secretory, is incorrect as it refers to the phase where the endometrium thickens in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg, not shedding.

4. The _________ is a temporary organ that connects a mammalian mother to its foetus.

• A. Placenta
• B. Chorion
• C. Endometrium
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Placenta. The placenta is a temporary organ that connects a mammalian mother to its foetus. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between the mother and the developing baby. Choice B, Chorion, is incorrect as it is a part of the fetal membrane but not the organ that connects the mother to the fetus. Choice C, Endometrium, is incorrect as it is the lining of the uterus where implantation occurs but is not the organ responsible for connecting the mother to the fetus. Choice D, None of the above, is incorrect as the placenta specifically fits the description provided in the question.

5. What is the definition of incomplete abortion?

• A. Part of the products of conception, especially the fetus, is expelled while the placenta and membranes are retained.
• B. All products of conception are expelled, and there is minimal per vaginal bleeding.
• C. The cervix is closed, and the products of conception remain in the uterus.
• D. The cervix dilates, and the products of conception are expelled.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Incomplete abortion is defined as part of the products of conception, especially the fetus, being expelled while the placenta and membranes are retained. This is the correct definition, making option A the right choice. Option B is incorrect as it describes a complete abortion. Option C is incorrect because in incomplete abortion, the products of conception are not retained in the uterus, and the cervix may be open. Option D is incorrect as it describes a situation more likely to be seen in an inevitable abortion.

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