Nursing Elites

1. What is the most common symptom in all clinical types of abortion EXCEPT:

• A. Lower abdominal pain
• B. Per vaginal bleeding
• C. Show
• D. Backache

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. 'Show' is not a common symptom in all types of abortion. Lower abdominal pain, per vaginal bleeding, and backache are common symptoms associated with abortion. Lower abdominal pain may result from uterine contractions, per vaginal bleeding is a typical presentation, and backache can be a symptom due to the process of abortion. 'Show' refers to the mucus plug that blocks the cervix during pregnancy and is not a typical symptom of abortion.

2. What type of epithelium lines the vagina?

• A. Ciliated epithelium.
• B. Squamous epithelium.
• C. Columnar epithelium.
• D. Transitional epithelium.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Squamous epithelium. The vagina is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium provides protection against abrasion and pathogens. Choice A, Ciliated epithelium, is incorrect as ciliated epithelium is found in areas like the fallopian tubes to help move the egg towards the uterus. Choice C, Columnar epithelium, is incorrect as columnar epithelium is typically found in areas like the intestines. Choice D, Transitional epithelium, is incorrect as this type of epithelium is found in areas like the urinary bladder.

3. What is the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births?

• A. 0.1
• B. 0.2
• C. 0.3
• D. 0.4

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To calculate the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions, you divide the number of deaths due to unsafe abortions by the total number of maternal deaths and then multiply by 100 to get the percentage. In this case, with 591 maternal deaths and 40% estimated to be due to unsafe abortions, the calculation is (591 * 0.4) / 100, which equals 2.36. Therefore, the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births is 0.4 or 40%. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect percentages that do not reflect the provided information.

4. The menstrual disorder in which there is an absence or suppression of the normal menstrual period is called:

• A. Dysmenorrhoea
• B. Polymenorrhoea
• C. Menorrhagia
• D. Amenorrhoea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Amenorrhoea is the correct term for the absence or suppression of the menstrual period. Dysmenorrhoea refers to painful menstruation, Polymenorrhoea is characterized by frequent, short menstrual cycles, and Menorrhagia is excessive menstrual bleeding. Therefore, 'Amenorrhoea' is the most appropriate term for the described menstrual disorder.

5. Which of the following is a common presentation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?

• A. Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism
• B. Amenorrhea, generalized hair loss, and weight gain
• C. Repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain
• D. Fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) commonly presents with irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), obesity, and increased hair growth (hirsutism) due to hormonal imbalances. Choice B is incorrect as amenorrhea (absence of periods), generalized hair loss, and weight gain are not typical features of PCOS. Choice C is incorrect as repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain are not characteristic of PCOS. Choice D is incorrect as fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding) are not primary symptoms seen in PCOS.

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