Nursing Elites

1. Where does fertilization normally occur?

• A. Ampulla
• B. Interstitial portion
• C. Isthmus
• D. Infundibulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The ampulla provides the ideal environment for fertilization due to the presence of cilia that help transport the egg and sperm, as well as the nourishing fluid within this region. The interstitial portion, isthmus, and infundibulum of the fallopian tube are not the primary sites for fertilization. The interstitial portion connects the fallopian tube to the uterine cavity, the isthmus is the narrowest part near the uterus, and the infundibulum is the funnel-shaped end near the ovary, where the egg is captured after ovulation.

2. Which of the following is the description of a normal cervix on speculum examination in a non-pregnant woman of reproductive age?

• A. Bright red mucosa surrounding the cervical os, in turn surrounded by smooth, pink mucosa
• B. Pink mucosa with multiple small, fluid-filled protrusions
• C. Pink, glistening, smooth mucosa of the exocervix, with a small round or fish-mouthed cervical os
• D. Smooth, pink mucosa and a small, fleshy protrusion through the cervical os

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct description of a normal cervix on speculum examination in a non-pregnant woman of reproductive age is pink, glistening, smooth mucosa of the exocervix, with a small round or fish-mouthed cervical os. This appearance is characteristic of a healthy cervix. Choice A is incorrect as a bright red mucosa is not normal. Choice B is incorrect as multiple small, fluid-filled protrusions suggest a different condition. Choice D is incorrect as a fleshy protrusion through the cervical os is abnormal.

3. The patient about to undergo gynecological surgery is put on nil by mouth for ____ before surgery to prevent aspiration.

• A. 2-4 hours
• B. 3-5 hours
• C. 4-6 hours
• D. 5-7 hours

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Patients undergoing gynecological surgery are typically advised to be nil by mouth for 4-6 hours before the procedure to reduce the risk of aspiration. This duration allows the stomach to empty its contents, decreasing the likelihood of regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents during surgery. Choices A, B, and D have shorter durations and may not provide sufficient time for adequate gastric emptying, increasing the risk of aspiration.

4. Which of the following is a common presentation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?

• A. Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism
• B. Amenorrhea, generalized hair loss, and weight gain
• C. Repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain
• D. Fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) commonly presents with irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), obesity, and increased hair growth (hirsutism) due to hormonal imbalances. Choice B is incorrect as amenorrhea (absence of periods), generalized hair loss, and weight gain are not typical features of PCOS. Choice C is incorrect as repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain are not characteristic of PCOS. Choice D is incorrect as fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding) are not primary symptoms seen in PCOS.

5. During the menstrual cycle, which hormone maintains the corpus luteum?

• A. Luteinizing hormone
• B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
• C. Progesterone
• D. Relaxin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone maintains the corpus luteum. The correct answer is A. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Choice B, Follicle-stimulating hormone, is involved in stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is produced by the corpus luteum and plays a role in preparing the endometrium for implantation. Choice D, Relaxin, is involved in processes such as softening the cervix and ligaments during pregnancy, but it is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.

Similar Questions