Nursing Elites

1. In Reproductive Health services, decision-making about RH matters is mostly done by:

• A. The Woman's parents
• B. The Man's parents
• C. The Husband
• D. The Wife

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In many societies, the husband often plays a significant role in decision-making about reproductive health matters, making choice C the correct answer. While the woman's parents might have some influence in certain cultures, the husband typically has a more direct role in such decisions. Choices A and B are less likely as the focus is on the immediate family unit rather than extended family members. Choice D, the wife, is less common in patriarchal societies where men usually have more authority in decision-making regarding reproductive health matters.

2. Which one of the following is not associated with poor maternal outcome?

• A. APH
• B. PPH
• C. Cord prolapse
• D. Pre-eclampsia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cord prolapse is not typically associated with poor maternal outcomes. Acute placental hemorrhage (APH - choice A) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH - choice B) can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality due to excessive blood loss. Pre-eclampsia (choice D) is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, which can result in severe maternal complications if not managed promptly. Cord prolapse, though concerning for fetal well-being, does not inherently pose direct risks to maternal health if managed appropriately, making it the correct answer in this context.

3. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?

• A. Progesterone
• B. Testosterone
• C. Estrogen
• D. Oxytocin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone, while important in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, is not primarily responsible for secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone. Oxytocin is involved in labor, lactation, and social bonding, but not in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

4. What structure lies posterior to the vagina?

• A. Pouch of Douglas
• B. Rectum
• C. Perineal body
• D. Structures of the vulva

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rectum. The rectum is located posterior to the vagina in the pelvic cavity. The Pouch of Douglas (choice A) is a peritoneal pouch located between the rectum and the uterus. The perineal body (choice C) is a fibrous structure located between the vagina and the anus. Structures of the vulva (choice D) are external genital structures surrounding the vaginal opening, not posterior to the vagina.

5. During a vaginal examination, which of the following statements is true?

• A. Cervical scrapes cytology can be taken in the same setting.
• B. Preferably done after bimanual examination.
• C. The cervix is best visualized with the Crisco's type of spectrum.
• D. During pregnancy, the cervix feels firm like the tip of the nose.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The cervix is best visualized with the Cusco's type of spectrum. This statement is true and important during a vaginal examination. Choice A is incorrect because cervical cytology scrapes can be taken during the same setting as a vaginal examination, not necessarily prior to it. Choice B is incorrect as it states 'after' bimanual examination, which is not the typical sequence. Choice D is incorrect because during pregnancy, the cervix feels soft rather than firm like the tip of the nose.

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