Nursing Elites

1. The GIFT technique is recommended for which of the following females?

• A. Females who cannot produce an ovum
• B. Females who cannot provide a suitable environment for fertilization
• C. Females who cannot retain the embryo inside the uterus
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' The GIFT technique is recommended for females who cannot produce an ovum, provide a suitable environment for fertilization, or retain the embryo inside the uterus. This technique involves transferring the unfertilized eggs and sperm directly into the fallopian tube, bypassing the need for the ovum to travel through the fallopian tube. Choices A, B, and C all represent different scenarios where the GIFT technique would be a suitable option, making option D the correct choice.

2. What causes the changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Estrogen
• D. Testosterone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During puberty, boys experience physical changes such as growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. These changes are primarily driven by the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because prolactin, adrenaline, and estrogen do not play a significant role in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.

3. The endometrium is shed up to the basal layer during this phase of the menstrual cycle:

• A. Ovulation
• B. Regenerative
• C. Secretory
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. During the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is shed up to the basal layer. This shedding occurs as a result of decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, leading to the breakdown and subsequent shedding of the endometrial lining. Choice A, ovulation, is incorrect as ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, which occurs during the mid-cycle. Choice B, regenerative, is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to the phase where the shedding of the endometrium occurs. Choice C, secretory, is incorrect as it refers to the phase where the endometrium thickens in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg, not shedding.

4. What is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum?

• A. Acrosome
• B. Zona pellucida
• C. Megalis
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle located at the head of a sperm cell and contains enzymes that aid in the penetration of the ovum during fertilization. The Zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the ovum, not an organelle. Megalis is not a relevant organelle in this context. Therefore, the correct choice is A, Acrosome.

5. At what age does the first menstrual period typically occur?

• A. 9 and 15 years
• B. 2 and 10 years
• C. 1 and 5 years
• D. 18 and 20 years

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first menstrual period, known as menarche, typically occurs between the ages of 9 and 15 years. This marks the onset of puberty in females. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the first menstrual period does not occur as early as 2 years old, 1 year old, or as late as 18 to 20 years old.

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