Nursing Elites

1. What is the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births?

• A. 0.1
• B. 0.2
• C. 0.3
• D. 0.4

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To calculate the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions, you divide the number of deaths due to unsafe abortions by the total number of maternal deaths and then multiply by 100 to get the percentage. In this case, with 591 maternal deaths and 40% estimated to be due to unsafe abortions, the calculation is (591 * 0.4) / 100, which equals 2.36. Therefore, the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births is 0.4 or 40%. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect percentages that do not reflect the provided information.

2. What does the umbilical cord contain?

• A. Pluripotent stem cells
• B. Cord blood stem cells
• C. Blood stem cells
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cord blood stem cells. The umbilical cord contains stem cells that are found in cord blood, known as cord blood stem cells. These stem cells have the potential to develop into various types of cells and are used in medical treatments. Pluripotent stem cells are typically found in embryos and have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body, not specifically in the umbilical cord. Choice C, blood stem cells, is a vague term that does not specifically refer to the stem cells found in the umbilical cord. Choice D is incorrect as the umbilical cord does contain cord blood stem cells.

3. Which family planning method was alternatively provided by the family life movement?

• A. Use of condom
• B. Use of spermicides
• C. Use of natural family planning
• D. Use of hormonal pills

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The family life movement promoted natural family planning as an alternative method. Natural family planning involves tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine the fertile period, making it distinct from the other options provided. Condoms (Choice A) and spermicides (Choice B) are barrier methods, while hormonal pills (Choice D) involve the use of synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is the use of natural family planning.

4. Where does fertilization normally occur?

• A. Ampulla
• B. Interstitial portion
• C. Isthmus
• D. Infundibulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The ampulla provides the ideal environment for fertilization due to the presence of cilia that help transport the egg and sperm, as well as the nourishing fluid within this region. The interstitial portion, isthmus, and infundibulum of the fallopian tube are not the primary sites for fertilization. The interstitial portion connects the fallopian tube to the uterine cavity, the isthmus is the narrowest part near the uterus, and the infundibulum is the funnel-shaped end near the ovary, where the egg is captured after ovulation.

5. Amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic test used to determine fetal sex, genetic anomalies, and biochemical abnormalities, is based on:

• A. The karyotyping of the amniotic fluid
• B. Chorionic villus sampling
• C. Umbilical cord blood sampling
• D. Ultrasound

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Amniocentesis involves the analysis of the fetal cells present in the amniotic fluid, which is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding the developing fetus. This fluid contains cells shed by the fetus, which can be cultured and analyzed to obtain a karyotype, providing information about the fetal sex, genetic anomalies, and biochemical abnormalities. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because chorionic villus sampling involves obtaining a sample of the chorionic villi from the placenta, not the amniotic fluid; umbilical cord blood sampling is typically used for other purposes like assessing the baby's blood for infections or genetic disorders; and ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique that does not involve the analysis of fetal cells for genetic information.

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