HESI RN
HESI 799 RN Exit Exam Capstone
1. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of supplemental oxygen over several days can cause which pathophysiological effect?
- A. Reduced cardiac output
- B. Disrupted surfactant production
- C. Hyperactivity of alveoli
- D. Increased oxygen carrying capacity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Prolonged exposure to high oxygen concentrations can disrupt the production of surfactant in the lungs, leading to atelectasis and other lung complications. Surfactant is essential for maintaining lung compliance and preventing alveolar collapse. Reduced cardiac output (Choice A) is not directly associated with prolonged oxygen exposure. Hyperactivity of alveoli (Choice C) is not a recognized consequence of high oxygen levels. Increased oxygen carrying capacity (Choice D) is not a pathophysiological effect of prolonged high oxygen exposure.
2. An older adult client with eye dryness reports itching and excessive tearing. Which medication group is most likely to have produced this client's symptoms?
- A. Antiinfectives and antidepressants.
- B. Anticoagulants and antihistamines.
- C. Antiretrovirals and antivirals.
- D. Antihypertensives and anticholinergics.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Antihypertensives and anticholinergics. Anticholinergics are known to cause dryness of secretions, including dry eyes, which can lead to symptoms of eye dryness, itching, and excessive tearing as reported by the client. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not typically cause the symptoms described by the client. Antiinfectives, antidepressants, anticoagulants, antihistamines, antiretrovirals, and antivirals do not commonly lead to dry eyes, itching, and excessive tearing.
3. A client with osteoarthritis is prescribed acetaminophen. What is the most important teaching the nurse should provide?
- A. Take the medication with food to improve absorption.
- B. Avoid taking other pain medications to prevent liver damage.
- C. Take acetaminophen on an empty stomach to prevent stomach upset.
- D. Monitor liver function tests regularly to detect any liver damage.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Acetaminophen can cause liver damage if taken in excessive amounts or in combination with other medications containing acetaminophen. Clients should be advised to avoid other pain medications to prevent liver toxicity. Choice A is incorrect because acetaminophen is usually taken with or without food, not specifically on an empty stomach. Choice C is incorrect because taking acetaminophen with food can help prevent stomach upset. Choice D is incorrect because while monitoring liver function tests is important for long-term acetaminophen use, the most crucial teaching is to avoid other pain medications to prevent liver damage.
4. A 48-year-old client with chronic alcoholism is admitted to the hospital. The nurse would anticipate that the client may be deficient in which vitamins?
- A. Vitamin B and vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D and vitamin E
- C. Vitamin K and vitamin A
- D. Vitamin A and vitamin E
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Chronic alcoholism commonly leads to deficiencies in B vitamins, particularly thiamine, and vitamin C. Thiamine deficiency can result in serious neurological issues like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, while vitamin C deficiency can lead to scurvy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because vitamin D and E deficiencies are not typically associated with chronic alcoholism.
5. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing increased shortness of breath and fatigue. What is the nurse's first action?
- A. Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed.
- B. Check the client's oxygen saturation.
- C. Reposition the client to a high Fowler's position.
- D. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first action for a client with COPD experiencing increased shortness of breath and fatigue is to check the client's oxygen saturation. This assessment helps the nurse evaluate the client's respiratory status promptly. Administering a bronchodilator (Choice A) may be necessary but should come after assessing the oxygen saturation. Repositioning the client to a high Fowler's position (Choice C) can help improve breathing but should not precede oxygen saturation assessment. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula (Choice D) may be needed based on the oxygen saturation results, but assessing it first is crucial.
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