Nursing Elites

1. Inevitable abortion is characterized by:

• A. Heavy bleeding.
• B. Open os.
• C. Severe cramping.
• D. Light bleeding.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inevitable abortion is characterized by an open os. This condition is associated with heavy bleeding. While severe cramping can be present in inevitable abortion, the key characteristic is the open os, making choice B the correct answer. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not specifically describe the defining feature of inevitable abortion, which is the open os.

2. Amniocentesis deals with patterns of ______ in the amniotic fluid.

• A. Fingers
• B. DNA
• C. Chromosomes
• D. Proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Amniocentesis is a prenatal test that involves examining chromosomes in the amniotic fluid to detect genetic abnormalities. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Chromosomes.' The other choices, such as 'Fingers,' 'DNA,' and 'Proteins,' do not accurately represent what is analyzed during an amniocentesis procedure and are unrelated to the genetic information obtained through this test.

3. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Uterus

• A. The uterus softens in the anterior midline, becomes flexible at the uterocervical junction, blood vasculature increases in size and number, and hypertrophy of myometrial cells occurs.
• B. The uterus decreases in size during pregnancy and remains rigid.
• C. The uterus size remains unchanged, and no changes occur in the blood vasculature.
• D. Uterus becomes more rigid and hypertrophies.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes various anatomical and physiological changes. The correct answer, Choice A, accurately describes these changes. The uterus softens in the anterior midline, becomes flexible at the uterocervical junction, experiences an increase in blood vasculature size and number, and myometrial cells hypertrophy. This softening and increased vascularity are essential for accommodating the growing fetus and facilitating delivery. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the typical changes that occur in the uterus during pregnancy. The uterus does not decrease in size, remain unchanged in size, become more rigid, or hypertrophy without the described softening and vascular changes.

4. At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Colostrum can be expressed.
• B. Breasts become tender.
• C. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.
• D. Nipples become prominent and mobile.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, one of the changes in the breast includes the prominence of Montgomery's tubercles. These sebaceous glands around the nipple become more noticeable at this stage. Colostrum production usually occurs later in pregnancy, typically closer to the third trimester. While breast tenderness is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it is not specific to the 6-8 week timeframe. Nipples becoming more prominent and mobile may happen later in pregnancy as the body prepares for breastfeeding, but it is not a typical change seen specifically at 6-8 weeks.

5. What is dysmenorrhoea?

• A. Heavy menstruation
• B. Light menstruation
• C. Painful menstruation
• D. Infrequent menstruation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for painful menstruation. It is characterized by cramp-like abdominal pain that occurs just before or during menstruation. Choice A, heavy menstruation, is referred to as menorrhagia. Choice B, light menstruation, is not a term used to describe a specific menstrual condition. Choice D, infrequent menstruation, is known as oligomenorrhea, not dysmenorrhoea.

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