Nursing Elites

1. Inevitable abortion is characterized by:

• A. Heavy bleeding.
• B. Open os.
• C. Severe cramping.
• D. Light bleeding.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inevitable abortion is characterized by an open os. This condition is associated with heavy bleeding. While severe cramping can be present in inevitable abortion, the key characteristic is the open os, making choice B the correct answer. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not specifically describe the defining feature of inevitable abortion, which is the open os.

2. Menopausal women require a diet rich in calcium to prevent osteoporosis. Which one of the following is a source of calcium?

• A. Spinach
• B. Cabbage
• C. Carrots
• D. Rape

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Spinach is a good source of calcium, which is crucial for preventing osteoporosis in menopausal women. Spinach is a leafy green vegetable high in calcium content. While cabbage, carrots, and rape are nutritious, they do not provide as much calcium as spinach does. Therefore, spinach is the correct choice for menopausal women looking to increase their calcium intake.

3. Which animal is an ovoviviparous animal?

• A. Basking shark
• B. Bonobo
• C. Blue shark
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the Blue shark. Ovoviviparous animals produce eggs that develop inside the body of the parent, and the offspring are born alive. The basking shark does not fall under this category as it is ovoviviparous, meaning it lays eggs that hatch inside the female's body. The bonobo is a separate species and not relevant to the question.

4. Which technique is used to detect HIV/AIDS?

• A. Northern blot and ELISA
• B. Immunoblot and ELISA
• C. Western blot and ELISA
• D. Southern blot and ELISA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Western blot and ELISA. Western blot and ELISA are commonly used techniques in the detection of HIV/AIDS. Western blot is used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient's blood after an initial positive ELISA test. Northern blotting is a technique used for RNA analysis, not for detecting HIV/AIDS (Choice A). Immunoblotting is another term for Western blotting, so Choice B is incorrect. Southern blotting is used for DNA analysis, not for detecting HIV/AIDS (Choice D).

5. In which part of the fallopian tube is tubal abortion most common?

• A. Ampullary portion
• B. Isthmus
• C. Interstitial portion
• D. Infundibulum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tubal abortion is most common when the ovum implants in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube. This location is the narrowest part of the tube, making it more prone to obstruction or difficulty in the passage of the fertilized ovum. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because tubal abortion is more likely to occur in the interstitial portion rather than the ampullary portion, isthmus, or infundibulum of the fallopian tube.

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