Nursing Elites

1. When should oral hygiene practices start for an infant according to the American Dental Association guidelines?

• A. There is no need to begin until after all of the child's baby teeth are in.
• B. You don't have to worry about that until your child can handle a toothbrush.
• C. You can begin now using toothpaste on a gauze pad and wiping the gums.
• D. Begin wiping the teeth with a washcloth and water when the first tooth appears.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to the American Dental Association guidelines, oral hygiene practices should start as soon as the first tooth appears. At this stage, using a soft cloth and water to clean the infant's gums and teeth is recommended to establish good oral hygiene habits early on and prevent dental issues. Choice A is incorrect as waiting until all baby teeth are in is too late for starting oral hygiene practices. Choice B is incorrect as it is essential to start oral hygiene before the child can handle a toothbrush. Choice C is incorrect as using toothpaste on a gauze pad is not recommended for infants with emerging teeth.

2. The healthcare provider is evaluating the effects of thyroid therapy used to treat a 5-month-old with hypothyroidism. Which behavior indicates that the treatment has been effective?

• A. Laughs readily, turns from back to side.
• B. Has strong Moro and tonic neck reflexes.
• C. Keeps fists clenched, opens hands when grasping an object.
• D. Can lift head, but not chest when lying on abdomen.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The ability to laugh readily and turn from back to side indicates the effectiveness of thyroid therapy and normal development in a 5-month-old. These behaviors suggest improved muscle tone and motor skills, which are positive outcomes of thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Choices B, C, and D describe developmental milestones that are not specific indicators of the effectiveness of thyroid therapy in treating hypothyroidism in a 5-month-old.

3. What is the most important information for the PN to reinforce with the parents when caring for a child diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever?

• A. Complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics.
• B. Ensure the child gets plenty of physical exercise.
• C. Keep the child on a low-sodium diet.
• D. Administer prescribed pain medications as needed.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Completing the full course of antibiotics is crucial in the management of acute rheumatic fever as it helps prevent recurrence and complications. Antibiotics are essential in eradicating the underlying infection that triggers the autoimmune response leading to rheumatic fever. Reinforcing the importance of completing the prescribed antibiotic regimen is vital to ensure the child's recovery and prevent further health issues. Choices B, C, and D are not as critical as completing the antibiotic treatment. While physical exercise, a low-sodium diet, and pain management are important aspects of overall health, they are not the primary focus when managing acute rheumatic fever.

4. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer a vaccine to a 5-year-old child. The child is visibly anxious and asks if the shot will hurt. What is the healthcare provider’s best response?

• A. It might hurt a little, but it will be over quickly
• B. It won't hurt at all, don't worry
• C. You're a big kid now, and big kids don't cry
• D. If you don't think about it, it won't hurt

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a child expresses fear or anxiety about receiving a vaccination, it is essential for the healthcare provider to provide honest and reassuring information. Choice A acknowledges the potential for some discomfort but also reassures the child that it will be over quickly. This response validates the child's feelings while also preparing them for the procedure. Choices B, C, and D either provide false reassurance, dismiss the child's feelings, or suggest avoidance, which are not appropriate responses in this situation.

5. A 2-week-old female infant is hospitalized for the surgical repair of an umbilical hernia. After returning to the postoperative neonatal unit, her RR and HR have increased during the last hour. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

• A. Notify the healthcare provider of these findings
• B. Administer a PRN analgesic as prescribed
• C. Document the findings in the infant's medical record
• D. Comfort the infant by swaddling and gently rocking

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a postoperative neonatal setting, an increase in respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) in an infant could indicate pain or distress. It is crucial for the nurse to notify the healthcare provider promptly to assess the infant's condition and provide appropriate interventions. Prompt communication with the healthcare provider ensures timely evaluation and management of the infant's discomfort or distress, promoting optimal postoperative recovery and comfort. Administering analgesics without healthcare provider assessment could mask underlying issues, documenting findings alone does not address the immediate need for intervention, and comforting may not resolve the underlying cause of increased RR and HR.

Similar Questions