Nursing Elites

1. At the beginning of meiosis, how many chromosomes does the diploid parent cell have?

• A. 23
• B. 24
• C. 46
• D. 54

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 46. At the start of meiosis, the diploid parent cell contains 46 chromosomes. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in each gamete having 23 chromosomes. Choice A (23) is incorrect because that is the number of chromosomes in a human gamete, not the parent cell. Choice B (24) and Choice D (54) are also incorrect as they do not reflect the correct number of chromosomes in a diploid parent cell at the beginning of meiosis.

2. Which of the following options identifies the products of cell respiration?

• A. Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen
• B. Glucose and oxygen
• C. Water, carbon dioxide, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• D. Water, glucose, and oxygen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Water, carbon dioxide, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).' During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and ATP. Choice A is incorrect as oxygen is not a product of cell respiration but a reactant. Choice B is incorrect as it lists glucose and oxygen, which are actually reactants in the process. Choice D is incorrect as glucose is not a product of cell respiration but a substrate that is broken down to release energy.

3. Why does ice have the capability of floating on water?

• A. It has a higher viscosity
• B. It has a different chemical composition
• C. It has a high specific heat
• D. It forms a lattice when freezing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Ice forms a lattice structure when it freezes, which makes it less dense than liquid water, allowing it to float. Choice A is incorrect because viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow and is not related to ice floating. Choice B is incorrect as ice and liquid water have the same chemical composition (H2O). Choice C is incorrect because the high specific heat of water is not the reason why ice floats.

4. Which of the following molecules contains the code required for replication?

• A. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• B. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• C. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• D. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the genetic information essential for replication, ensuring the accurate transmission of genetic material from one generation to the next. Choice B, Transfer RNA (tRNA), is involved in protein synthesis, not replication. Choice C, Messenger RNA (mRNA), carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome but does not contain the code for replication. Choice D, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), is a broader category that includes both mRNA and tRNA, but the specific molecule containing the code required for replication is DNA.

5. Which organelle has the ability to hydrolyze fats, nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars?

• A. Chloroplasts
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Lysosomes. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down various biomolecules such as fats, nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars. This organelle acts as the 'digestive system' of the cell. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, mitochondria are responsible for energy production, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not the hydrolysis of biomolecules.

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