Nursing Elites

1. A client with hypertension taking a potassium-wasting diuretic is being educated about nutrition by a nurse. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Increase consumption of tuna and salmon.
• B. Limit intake of dried fruits.
• C. Avoid cow's milk.
• D. Consume organs and bananas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Consume organs and bananas.' When a client is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic, they are at risk of potassium loss. Consuming foods high in potassium, such as organs and bananas, can help counteract this loss. Choice A is incorrect because tuna and salmon are not particularly high in potassium. Choice B is incorrect because dried fruits are good sources of potassium. Choice C is incorrect as cow's milk is also a good source of potassium, which could be beneficial for a client taking a potassium-wasting diuretic.

2. Which of these nursing diagnoses of 4 elderly clients would place 1 client at the greatest risk for falls?

• A. Sensory perceptual alterations related to decreased vision
• B. Alteration in mobility related to fatigue
• C. Impaired gas exchange related to retained secretions
• D. Altered patterns of urinary elimination related to nocturia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Altered patterns of urinary elimination related to nocturia. Nocturia increases the risk of falls in elderly clients due to frequent nighttime trips to the bathroom. Choice A is incorrect because while decreased vision can contribute to falls, nocturia poses a more direct risk. Choice B is incorrect as fatigue may affect mobility but is not as directly linked to falls as nocturia. Choice C is incorrect as impaired gas exchange is not typically associated with an increased risk of falls.

3. A nurse is caring for a client following the surgical placement of a colostomy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary teaching?

• A. Eating yogurt can help decrease gas odor that I have.
• B. I should eliminate pasta from my diet so that I don't have as many loose stools.
• C. My largest meal of the day should be in the evening.
• D. Carbonated beverages can help control odor.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Yogurt contains probiotics which can help reduce gas and odor in colostomy patients. Choice B is incorrect because pasta is a low-fiber food that can help thicken stools, which may be beneficial for colostomy patients. Choice C is incorrect because it is generally recommended for colostomy patients to have their largest meal earlier in the day to allow for better digestion. Choice D is incorrect because carbonated beverages can actually increase gas production and worsen odor in colostomy patients.

4. What should a client with diarrhea avoid consuming?

• A. Orange juice
• B. Tuna
• C. Eggs
• D. Macaroni

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A client with diarrhea should avoid consuming orange juice. Orange juice is high in sugar content, which can worsen diarrhea symptoms by drawing water into the intestines, potentially leading to further dehydration and discomfort. Tuna, eggs, and macaroni are generally well-tolerated and do not exacerbate diarrhea symptoms, making them more suitable food choices for individuals experiencing diarrhea.

5. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an enteral feeding via an established NG tube. Which option is not part of the sequence the healthcare professional should follow to initiate the feeding?

• A. Verify tube placement
• B. Check the residual feeding contents
• C. Administer the feeding
• D. Limit protein intake

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct sequence for initiating enteral feeding includes verifying tube placement to ensure safety, checking the residual feeding contents to prevent complications, and then administering the feeding. Limiting protein intake is not a step in the sequence for initiating enteral feeding. Protein intake may be adjusted based on the patient's specific nutritional needs, but it is not a part of the immediate sequence for initiating the feeding. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are essential steps to ensure the safe and effective administration of enteral feeding.

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