Nursing Elites

1. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is taking metformin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following potential side effects?

• A. Lactic acidosis
• B. Hypokalemia
• C. Hyperglycemia
• D. Weight gain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lactic acidosis. Metformin, a common medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus, can lead to lactic acidosis, particularly in individuals with renal impairment or other predisposing factors. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, dizziness, and slow or irregular heartbeat, is crucial when a client is taking metformin. Choice B, hypokalemia, is not a common side effect of metformin. Choice C, hyperglycemia, is contrary to the intended effect of metformin, which is to lower blood glucose levels. Choice D, weight gain, is not typically associated with metformin use; in fact, metformin may even contribute to weight loss in some individuals.

2. The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with DM. The nurse instructs the client to include which item in the diet?

• A. High-fat foods
• B. Low-carbohydrate foods
• C. High-protein foods
• D. High-fiber foods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: High-fiber foods are beneficial for clients with diabetes because they help regulate blood glucose levels by slowing down the absorption of sugar. Additionally, high-fiber foods aid in maintaining satiety, supporting weight management, and preventing constipation. High-fat foods (choice A) are not recommended for clients with diabetes due to their potential negative impact on heart health and weight. While low-carbohydrate foods (choice B) can be part of a diabetes-friendly diet, high-fiber foods are more specifically beneficial for managing blood sugar levels. High-protein foods (choice C) can be included in moderation in a diabetic diet, but they are not the primary focus when it comes to improving glycemic control.

3. The client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is being educated about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following recommendations is appropriate?

• A. Avoiding all forms of physical exercise
• B. Limiting carbohydrate intake to less than 30 grams per day
• C. Increasing physical activity to help control blood glucose levels
• D. Consuming a high-protein, low-fat diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to increase physical activity to help control blood glucose levels. Physical activity is essential in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus as it helps improve insulin sensitivity, control weight, and regulate blood sugar levels. Avoiding all forms of physical exercise (Choice A) is incorrect as exercise plays a crucial role in diabetes management. While limiting carbohydrate intake (Choice B) can be beneficial, setting a strict limit of less than 30 grams per day is too restrictive and may not be suitable for everyone. Consuming a high-protein, low-fat diet (Choice D) is generally a healthy choice, but it is not the primary lifestyle modification recommended for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

4. Which of the following ethical principles involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources?

• A. Justice
• B. Fidelity
• C. Autonomy
• D. Veracity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Justice. Justice is the ethical principle that focuses on the fair and equitable distribution of resources, ensuring that all individuals receive appropriate care based on their needs. Fidelity (B) refers to being faithful or loyal to commitments and obligations. Autonomy (C) relates to respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions. Veracity (D) pertains to truthfulness and honesty in communication with patients.

5. A new unit manager works hard to get to know each of the staff members on the unit and determine what each staff member needs in order to effectively do their job. What type of management best describes this manager?

• A. Servant leader-style manager
• B. Networking manager
• C. Coaching manager
• D. Monitoring manager

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A Servant leader-style manager focuses on understanding and meeting the needs of staff members to help them grow and perform at their best. This type of manager prioritizes serving the team and facilitating their development. Networking managers focus on building connections and relationships outside the team. Coaching managers provide guidance, support, and feedback to help employees improve. Monitoring managers primarily oversee and supervise tasks without a strong emphasis on individual needs or growth.

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